Question | Answer |
What are the properties of an acid? | -Contain more H+ than OH- ions
-pH less than 7 (acidic)
-Taste sour
-Turn litmus red
-Conduct electricity (are electrolytes)
-React with metals to produce hydrogen gas |
What are the properties of a base? | -Contain more OH- than H+ ions
-pH greater than 7 (alkaline)
-Taste bitter, feel slippery
-Turn litmus blue
-Conduct electricity (are electrolytes)
-React with acids to produce a salt and water |
What is an Arrhenius acid? | contains H+ in formula (example: HNO3) |
What is an Arrhenius base? | contains OH- in formula (example: NaOH) |
What is a Bronsted-Lowery acid? | donates H+ (example: HCl) |
What is a Bronsted-Lowery base? | accepts H+ (example: NH3) |
What are the three rules for writing acid names from formulas? | 1) H + anion ending in –ide: Acid name is “hydro_____ic acid”
2) H + anion ending in –ate: Acid name is “_____ic acid”
3) H + anion ending in –ite: Acid name is “_____ous acid” |
What is an acid that contains oxygen in the formula? | oxyacid |
What do you need to do to go from acid name to the formula? | would just work backwards, using the 3 rules above. Acid formulas must be criss-crossed, so that the charges equal out to zero. |
What are the roots when the anion contains sulfur or phosphorus? | sulfur- and phosphor- |
What are hydroxide bases composed of and how are the names written? | composed of a cation (positive ion) followed by hydroxide (OH-)
Name the cation and then add “hydroxide. |
What is the formula for ammonia? | NH3 |
How are base formulas written from the name? | Find the formula for the cation and then add OH -,
need to criss-cross the formula so that the charges equal out to zero. |
What do strong acids and bases do in aqeuous solutions? | ionize completely to produce free H+ or free OH- ions |
What are examples of strong electrolytes? | strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts |
What are the strong acids? | -HCl
-HBr
-HI
-HIO4
-HClO4
-HClO3
-HNO3
-H2SO4 |
What are the strong bases? | Group I and II soluble hydroxides |
What is the pH scale? | pH is a numerical scale, typically ranging from 0-14.
pH gives us a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of the aqueous solution. |
How do we find pH? | pH = - log10 [H+], where [H+] is they hydrogen ion concentration |
How do we find pOH? | pOH = - log10 [OH-], where [OH-] is they hydroxide ion concentration |
What does the relationship between pH and pOH tell us? | Because [H+] x [OH]= 1.0 x 10 ^-14
pH+pOH= 14 |
What type of reaction is a neutralization reaction? | Double replacement between an acid and a base |
What are the products of a neutralization reaction? | salt (ionic compound) + water |
What is a solution where [H+]=[OH-]? | Neutral |
What is a solution where [H+]>[OH-]? | Acidic, more H+ |
What is a solution where [H+]<[OH-]? | Basic, more OH- |
What are some examples of common household acids? | lemon juice and other citrus juices, tomato juice, vinegar, carbonated beverages |
What are some examples of common household bases? | ammonia, drain cleaner. antacids, bleach, baking soda, and soaps/shampoos |