| Question | Answer |
| Heel Strike
Initial Contact | Ankle dorsiflexors (eccentric contraction) - Tibialis Anterior;
Hip Extensors - Gluteus Max (deceleration) ;
Intrinsic muscles of foot and long tendons - Flexor digitorum brevis and tibialis; Posterior - Preserve longitudinal arch of foot |
| Loading response
foot flat | Ankle plantar flexors - triceps sure - decelerate mass;
Hip abductors - glute med, min, TFL - Stabilise pelvis;
Intrinsic muscles of foot etc. flexor digitorum brevis, tib post - longitudinal arch; |
| Mid Stance | knee extensors - quadriceps - stabilise knee;
Ankle Plantarflexors - Eccentric - triceps sure - control dorsiflexion - preserve momentum;
Hip Abductors - stabilise
Intrinsic muscles of foot etc. flexor digitorum brevis, tib post - longitudinal arch |
| Terminal stance
heel off | Concentric plantar flexors - triceps sure - accelerate mass;
Hip abductors stabilise hip;
Preserve arches of foot and fix forefoot - adductor hallucis and tibialis post and long flexors of digit; |
| Preswing
toe off | Long flexors of digits - flexor hallucis long, flexor digitorum long - accelerate mass;
Preserve arches of foot and fix forefoot - same as terminal stance;
decelerate thigh, prepare swing - hip flexor eccentric - illiopsoas rectus femoris |
| Initial Swing | Flexor of hip - concentric - illipsoas rectus femurs;
Clear foot - dorsiflexors tibialis anterior; |
| Mid swing | Clear foot - dorsiflexors - tibialis anterior; |
| Terminal swing | Decelerate thigh - hip extensors - eccentric gluteus max and hamstrings;
Decelerate leg - knee flexors - eccentric hamstrings;
dorsiflexors tibialis anterior - position foot;
Extend knee to place foot - prepare for contact - knee extensors - quads; |
| Trendelenberg Gait | Contralateral pelvic drop - move obvious in runners
abductors of stance leg weak causes swing pelvis to drop - superior gluteal nerve |
| Antalgic Gait | Reduced stance time on injured limb so contralateral limb moves through swing phase quickly. Caused by pain |
| Cerebellar Gait | Ataxic gait - balance overall issue struggling to keep COG in base of support - abnormal uncoordinated movements |
| High steppage gait | Drop foot - flexing knee; common cause - Tibialis anterior - not related to spasticity. |
| Waddling gait | Flat foot, bilateral weakness of abductors - discheens muscle dystrophy - pregnancy. |
| Gluteus Maximus Gait | Over extension in hip during mid stance - lurching gait with posterior leaning. - inferior gluteal nerve |
| Scissoring Gait | spastic Cerebral palsy - upper motor neuron lesion |
