Question | Answer |
Nitrous oxide | N2O |
Nitric oxide | NO |
compounds | compromised of more than one kind (2 or more) of atom in a fixed ratio by mass |
Ionic compound | compounds held together by ionic bonds or the attraction of oppositely charged ions. Not a discrete molecule...crystalline lattices |
cation | positively charged ions, electron deficiency |
Which side of the table tends to form cations? | Left side |
What kind of element typically forms cations? | metals |
Define Anion | negatively charged ions |
what side of the periodic table tends to form anions? | R. side |
What kind of element typically forms anions | Non metals |
molecule definition | groups of atoms chemically bonded into a discrete unit. electrically neutral and stable by itself. |
Atomic Number | Z, number of protons in nucleus |
Mass number | A, Sum of protons and neutrons, average mass of 1 mole of an element. |
Isotopes | Same atomic number (Z) but different mass number (A). Same # protons different number of neutrons. |
Law of conservation of mass | no detectable change in the total mass occurs during a chemical reaction |
law of definite proportions | different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass. |
Daltons theory #1 | Each element is made of indivisible atoms that are identical to each other but different from atoms of other elements |
Daltons theory #2 | Chemical combination is the bonding of a definite small whole number of atoms to make one molecule of the formed compound. the compound always has the same # and types of atoms. |
Daltons theory #3 | No atoms are gained, lost, or changed in identity during a chemical reaction. They are just rearranged to make a new substance. |
What is a row on the periodic table of elements called? | Period |
What is a column on the pte called | Group or family |
Properties of metals | shiny, lustrous, malleable, ductile, electrical and thermal conductor, L side of PTE. |
Properties of non metals | Variable look, brittle if it can be in a solid state, non-conductor except graphite, R side of table. |
Properties of Metalloids or semi metals | Shiny, lustrous, variable textures, poor conductors but they can conduct electricity, Located on stair step of PTE. |
Representative elements | All columns with an "A" in them. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a |
transitional elements | B columns, 3b,4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 1b, 2b |
Intertransitional elements | rows on bottom of PTE. |
Top row of intertransitional elements on PTE | Lanthanides or rare earths |
Bottom row of intertransitional elements on PTE | Actinides |
What is a physical change | Chemical bonds do not get broken, form is changed, ex. ice to water |
what is a homogenous mixture | evenly distributed mixture |
Chromate ion | CrO4 2- |
dichromate ion | Cr2O7 2- |
oxalate ion | C2O4 2- |
acetate ion | C2H4O2 - |
acetate ion | CH3CO2 - |
CO3 2- | Carbonate ion |
HCO3 - | bicarbonate ion or hydrogen carbonate |
CN - | Cyanide ion |
NH4 + | Ammonium ion |
Permanganate ion | MnO4 - |
NO2 - | Nitrite ion |
NO3 - | Nitrate ion |
OH - | hydroxide ion |
Perchlorate ion | ClO4 - |
ClO3 - | Chlorate ion |
ClO2 - | Chlorite ion |
ClO - | hypochlorite ion |
O2 2- | peroxide ion |
dihydrogen phosphate ion | H2PO4 - |
HPO4 2- | biphosphate ion or hydrogen phosphate ion |
phosphate ion | PO4 3- |
thiosulfate ion | S2O3 2- |
HSO4 - | hydrogen sulfate ion or bisulfate ion |
HSO3 - | hydrogen sulfite ion or bisulfite |
Sulfate | SO4 2- |
Sulfite ion | SO3 2- |
What is a heterogeneous mixture | definite ability to tell what is in it. vomit, sand and water, soup |
What is a covalent bond | sharing of electrons in a molecule, close together on periodic table. |
C3H8 | propane |
C2H6 | dicarbonhexahydride or Ethane |
NH3 | Nitrogen trihydride or ammonia |
CH4 | carbon tetrahydride or methane |
H2O | dihydrogen oxide or water |
What is a desiccant? | absorbs moisture, easily reversible reactions, easy to add and remove water |
What is a hydrate? | an ionic compound that incorporates a fixed number of H2O molecules into a formal unit. CuSO4.5H2O+copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate |
oxide | O 2- |
what is an element? | Made of a single kind of atom. defined by number of protons |
what is an atom | building blocks of matter, smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction. |
what are the steps to naming molecular compounds? | name each element, indicate how much of each element is present with a prefix, mono di tri tetra penta hexa, then add ide to last element |
What are the steps to naming ionic compounds? | name elements, do not add mono di, tri, etc. must be electrically neutral. |
how do you name transitional metal cations? | more than one cation: name metal and give charge in romans numerals. Fe 3= Iron (III) ion. One cation: add cation to name of element Na- =sodium cation. Most form more than one cation. groups 3-12 on table in class. |
how do you name representative cations? | ionic charge =group # add cation to end. |
Naming monatomic anions of representative nonmetals | groups 5a, 6a, 7a, subtract 8 from group number. |