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chemistry review
chemistry review portion of chem and physics for anesthesia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nitrous oxide | N2O |
| Nitric oxide | NO |
| compounds | compromised of more than one kind (2 or more) of atom in a fixed ratio by mass |
| Ionic compound | compounds held together by ionic bonds or the attraction of oppositely charged ions. Not a discrete molecule...crystalline lattices |
| cation | positively charged ions, electron deficiency |
| Which side of the table tends to form cations? | Left side |
| What kind of element typically forms cations? | metals |
| Define Anion | negatively charged ions |
| what side of the periodic table tends to form anions? | R. side |
| What kind of element typically forms anions | Non metals |
| molecule definition | groups of atoms chemically bonded into a discrete unit. electrically neutral and stable by itself. |
| Atomic Number | Z, number of protons in nucleus |
| Mass number | A, Sum of protons and neutrons, average mass of 1 mole of an element. |
| Isotopes | Same atomic number (Z) but different mass number (A). Same # protons different number of neutrons. |
| Law of conservation of mass | no detectable change in the total mass occurs during a chemical reaction |
| law of definite proportions | different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass. |
| Daltons theory #1 | Each element is made of indivisible atoms that are identical to each other but different from atoms of other elements |
| Daltons theory #2 | Chemical combination is the bonding of a definite small whole number of atoms to make one molecule of the formed compound. the compound always has the same # and types of atoms. |
| Daltons theory #3 | No atoms are gained, lost, or changed in identity during a chemical reaction. They are just rearranged to make a new substance. |
| What is a row on the periodic table of elements called? | Period |
| What is a column on the pte called | Group or family |
| Properties of metals | shiny, lustrous, malleable, ductile, electrical and thermal conductor, L side of PTE. |
| Properties of non metals | Variable look, brittle if it can be in a solid state, non-conductor except graphite, R side of table. |
| Properties of Metalloids or semi metals | Shiny, lustrous, variable textures, poor conductors but they can conduct electricity, Located on stair step of PTE. |
| Representative elements | All columns with an "A" in them. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a |
| transitional elements | B columns, 3b,4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 1b, 2b |
| Intertransitional elements | rows on bottom of PTE. |
| Top row of intertransitional elements on PTE | Lanthanides or rare earths |
| Bottom row of intertransitional elements on PTE | Actinides |
| What is a physical change | Chemical bonds do not get broken, form is changed, ex. ice to water |
| what is a homogenous mixture | evenly distributed mixture |
| Chromate ion | CrO4 2- |
| dichromate ion | Cr2O7 2- |
| oxalate ion | C2O4 2- |
| acetate ion | C2H4O2 - |
| acetate ion | CH3CO2 - |
| CO3 2- | Carbonate ion |
| HCO3 - | bicarbonate ion or hydrogen carbonate |
| CN - | Cyanide ion |
| NH4 + | Ammonium ion |
| Permanganate ion | MnO4 - |
| NO2 - | Nitrite ion |
| NO3 - | Nitrate ion |
| OH - | hydroxide ion |
| Perchlorate ion | ClO4 - |
| ClO3 - | Chlorate ion |
| ClO2 - | Chlorite ion |
| ClO - | hypochlorite ion |
| O2 2- | peroxide ion |
| dihydrogen phosphate ion | H2PO4 - |
| HPO4 2- | biphosphate ion or hydrogen phosphate ion |
| phosphate ion | PO4 3- |
| thiosulfate ion | S2O3 2- |
| HSO4 - | hydrogen sulfate ion or bisulfate ion |
| HSO3 - | hydrogen sulfite ion or bisulfite |
| Sulfate | SO4 2- |
| Sulfite ion | SO3 2- |
| What is a heterogeneous mixture | definite ability to tell what is in it. vomit, sand and water, soup |
| What is a covalent bond | sharing of electrons in a molecule, close together on periodic table. |
| C3H8 | propane |
| C2H6 | dicarbonhexahydride or Ethane |
| NH3 | Nitrogen trihydride or ammonia |
| CH4 | carbon tetrahydride or methane |
| H2O | dihydrogen oxide or water |
| What is a desiccant? | absorbs moisture, easily reversible reactions, easy to add and remove water |
| What is a hydrate? | an ionic compound that incorporates a fixed number of H2O molecules into a formal unit. CuSO4.5H2O+copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate |
| oxide | O 2- |
| what is an element? | Made of a single kind of atom. defined by number of protons |
| what is an atom | building blocks of matter, smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction. |
| what are the steps to naming molecular compounds? | name each element, indicate how much of each element is present with a prefix, mono di tri tetra penta hexa, then add ide to last element |
| What are the steps to naming ionic compounds? | name elements, do not add mono di, tri, etc. must be electrically neutral. |
| how do you name transitional metal cations? | more than one cation: name metal and give charge in romans numerals. Fe 3= Iron (III) ion. One cation: add cation to name of element Na- =sodium cation. Most form more than one cation. groups 3-12 on table in class. |
| how do you name representative cations? | ionic charge =group # add cation to end. |
| Naming monatomic anions of representative nonmetals | groups 5a, 6a, 7a, subtract 8 from group number. |
Created by:
rlfarmer2
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