Term | Definition |
Chemisrty | The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes these materials undergo. |
Common name for chemistry | The central science
- because most things involve chemical reactions
- most careers involve chemistry |
How many branches of chemistry are there? And what are they? | 6 branches
1. Organic
2. Inorganic
3. Physical
4. Analytical
5. Biochemistry
6. Analytical |
Organic chemistry | Chemistry of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (chemistry of life) |
Inorganic chemistry | Chemistry of compounds made from metals and non-metals |
Physical chemistry | Chemistry in terms of lawn of physics |
Analytical | Separating, identifying, and quantifying |
Biochemistry | Chemistry of living things |
Theoretical | Using mathematical models too predict the structure of compounds |
Chemistry involves both ____ and ____ worlds | Microscopic, macroscopic |
Measurement | An observation including a both number and a unit. |
Scientific method | Process of investigation to solve problems. |
How many steps are there in the scientific method? | 6 |
Steps of the scientific method | 1. State the problem
2. Make observations
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis
5. Analyze data
6. Form your conclusion |
What do you do if your conclusion supports your hypothesis? | Perform more experiments to continue testing your hypothesis. |
What do you do if your conclusion does not support your hypothesis? | Form a new hypothesis. |
Quantitative observations | Observations including numbers
ex. height, weight, density, etc. |
Qualitative observations | Observations including qualities
ex. color, feel, scent, etc. |
Bias | Expectations change how the results are viewed. |
Theory | Explanation of why something happens in nature based on repeated observations. |
Natural law | Statement about what happens in nature that seems to be true all the time (summary of our observations). |
Do theories change? | Yes! |
Do Laws change? | Yes! |
Experiment | Method of collecting data to test a hypothesis. |
How many experimental steps are there? | 5 |
Experimental steps | 1. State the problem/question (must include both variables)
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Perform the procedure
4. Analyze data
5. Form a conclusion (positive, negative, or inconclusive) |
Hypothesis | Testable prediction based on an educated guess. |
Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
Atom | fundamental unit of which elements are made. |
How many types of atoms are there? | 118 (elements) |
Element | Only one type of atom. Can not be separated into simpler substances. |
Allotrope | Same element with a different physical form.
ex. diamond, graphite, buckminsterfullerene (by the way that is my favorite word right now) |
Compound | Atoms of different elements chemically combine to form a new substance. |
Molecule | A collection of atoms together that act as a unit. |
Physical proporty | Characteristic that can change without changing the substance.
ex. color, melting point, solubility, hardness, etc. |
Chemical property | Characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a different substance.
ex. flammability, toxicity, etc. |
Physical change | Change that does not change the composition of the substance.
ex. cutting bread, melting ice, etc. |
Chemical change | Change from one substance to another substance.
ex. burning wood, metal rusting, etc. |