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Chapter 1-2
Chemistry 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemisrty | The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes these materials undergo. |
| Common name for chemistry | The central science - because most things involve chemical reactions - most careers involve chemistry |
| How many branches of chemistry are there? And what are they? | 6 branches 1. Organic 2. Inorganic 3. Physical 4. Analytical 5. Biochemistry 6. Analytical |
| Organic chemistry | Chemistry of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (chemistry of life) |
| Inorganic chemistry | Chemistry of compounds made from metals and non-metals |
| Physical chemistry | Chemistry in terms of lawn of physics |
| Analytical | Separating, identifying, and quantifying |
| Biochemistry | Chemistry of living things |
| Theoretical | Using mathematical models too predict the structure of compounds |
| Chemistry involves both ____ and ____ worlds | Microscopic, macroscopic |
| Measurement | An observation including a both number and a unit. |
| Scientific method | Process of investigation to solve problems. |
| How many steps are there in the scientific method? | 6 |
| Steps of the scientific method | 1. State the problem 2. Make observations 3. Form a hypothesis 4. Test the hypothesis 5. Analyze data 6. Form your conclusion |
| What do you do if your conclusion supports your hypothesis? | Perform more experiments to continue testing your hypothesis. |
| What do you do if your conclusion does not support your hypothesis? | Form a new hypothesis. |
| Quantitative observations | Observations including numbers ex. height, weight, density, etc. |
| Qualitative observations | Observations including qualities ex. color, feel, scent, etc. |
| Bias | Expectations change how the results are viewed. |
| Theory | Explanation of why something happens in nature based on repeated observations. |
| Natural law | Statement about what happens in nature that seems to be true all the time (summary of our observations). |
| Do theories change? | Yes! |
| Do Laws change? | Yes! |
| Experiment | Method of collecting data to test a hypothesis. |
| How many experimental steps are there? | 5 |
| Experimental steps | 1. State the problem/question (must include both variables) 2. Form a hypothesis 3. Perform the procedure 4. Analyze data 5. Form a conclusion (positive, negative, or inconclusive) |
| Hypothesis | Testable prediction based on an educated guess. |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Atom | fundamental unit of which elements are made. |
| How many types of atoms are there? | 118 (elements) |
| Element | Only one type of atom. Can not be separated into simpler substances. |
| Allotrope | Same element with a different physical form. ex. diamond, graphite, buckminsterfullerene (by the way that is my favorite word right now) |
| Compound | Atoms of different elements chemically combine to form a new substance. |
| Molecule | A collection of atoms together that act as a unit. |
| Physical proporty | Characteristic that can change without changing the substance. ex. color, melting point, solubility, hardness, etc. |
| Chemical property | Characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a different substance. ex. flammability, toxicity, etc. |
| Physical change | Change that does not change the composition of the substance. ex. cutting bread, melting ice, etc. |
| Chemical change | Change from one substance to another substance. ex. burning wood, metal rusting, etc. |
Created by:
dkhorse
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