Term | Definition |
polymer | A substance of high molecular weight with long, chain-like molecules consisting of many similar(repeated units). |
isotope | Different atomic forms of the same element , which vary only in the number of neurons they contain; the heavier species tend to be radioactive. |
atomic number | The number of protons in an atom. |
mass number | Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
mole | A __ of any element or compound is equal to its atomic weight or its molecular weight( sum of atomic weights) measured in grams. |
atomic weight | The average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element. |
compound | Substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united. |
mixture | Substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed. 3 basic types are solutions, colloids, suspensions. |
radioisotopes | Isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior. |
colloids | 1 A mixture in which the solute particles (usually proteins) do not settle out readily. 2 substance in the thyroid gland containing thyroglobulin protein. |
suspensions | Heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out. |
cation | An ion with a positive charge. |
anion | An ion carrying one or more negative charges and therefore attracted to a positive pole. |
covalent bond | Chemical bond created by electron sharing between atoms. |
dipole | Nonsymmetrical molecules that contain electrically unbalanced atoms. A polar molecule. |
polar molecule | Nonsymmetrical molecules that contain electrically unbalanced atoms. |
chemical equilibrium | A state of apparent repose created by two reactions proceeding in opposite directions at equal speed. |
sythesis (combination) reaction | A chemical reaction in which larger, more complex atoms or molecules are formed from simpler ones. |
anabolism | Energy- requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances. |
oxidized | Process of substances combining with oxygen or the removal of hydrogen. |
catabolism | Process in which living cells break down substances into simpler substances. |
oxidation-reduction reactions (redox reactions) | A reaction that couples the oxidation (loss of electrons) of one substance with the reduction (gain of electrons) of another substance. |
ion | Atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge. |
Electrolyte | Chemical substances, such as salts, acids, and bases, that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electrical current. |
mitosis | Process during which the chromosomes are redistributed to two daughter nuclei; nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
ionic bond | Chemical bond formed by electron transfer between atoms. |
Solutions | Homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids. |
Solvent | the substance present in the greatest amount or dissolving medium. |
Molarity | Moles per liter |
Molecular weight | sum of the atomic weights. |
exergonic reactions | reactions that release energy. |
endergonic reactions | reaction that absorbs energy. |
hydrolysis | process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles. |
dehydration systhesis | process by which a large molecule is synthesized by removing water and covalently bonding smaller molecules together. |
homogeneous | mixture has the same composition throughout. |
isomer | One of two or more substances that has the same molecular formula but with its atoms arranged differently. |
Molar | A solution concentration determined by mass of solute- 1 liter of solution contains an amount of solute equal to its molecular weight in grams. |