Question | Answer |
Alkene | CnH2n |
Alkane | CnH2n+2 |
Alkyne | CnH2n-2 |
Aromatic | CnH2n-6 |
Alkane states | C1-C4 Gas
C5-C15 Liquid
C16 & up Solid |
Alkane properties | -saturated
-insoluble in water
-ldf only
-mainly fuels |
Alkene properties | -have DB
-unsaturated
-addition reactions
-2 db = "diene" |
Alkyne | -unsaturated
-addition reactions
-triple bond |
Ch3 | Methyl |
C2H5 | Ethyl |
CH3 CH2 Ch2 | Propyl |
CH3 CH CH3 | Isopropyl |
Benzene | C6H6 |
Toluene | C7H8 (methyl benzene) |
Xylene | C8H10 (dimethyl benzene) |
Alkane and substitution reaction | with Cl2 & Br2 only |
Cis/ Trans | C, DB & something else |
Alcohol | R-OH, "ol" |
Ether | R-O-R "ether" |
Aldehyde | O=CH-R, "Al" |
Ketone | R-C=O-R, "one" |
Carboxylic Acids | C=OOH, "oic" |
Methanoic acid | formnic acid |
ethanoic acid | acetic acid |
propandioic acid | malonic acid |
esters | R-C=OO-R, "oate" |
Amine | N, "amine" |
NH2 | primary amine |
NH | secondary amine |
N | tertiary amine |
Amide | R-C=ONH2, "Amide" |
Alkene + H2 | Alkane |
Alkene + x2 (halogen) | Di x Alkane |
Alkene + Hcl, Hbr or HI | Haloalkane *Put H on Carbon with most H |
Alkene +H20 | Alcohol |
Alkyne + H20 | Keytone/ Aldehyde *Put H on carbon with most H |
Oxidation | Adding O or removing H |
Reduction | Removing O or Adding H |
Alcohol --> | ester + water |
H-bond | Alcohol, Carboxylic Acid, Primary Amine, Secondary Amine |
Dipole | Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Tertiary Amine |
Nitrile | -CN |
Thiol | -SH |
Nitro | -No2 |
Organic compounds are: soluble/ insoluble? in water | insoluble |
High or Low Melting and Boiling points? | Low |
These have hydrogen bonding | alcohols, carboxylic acids, primary amine and secondary amine |
These have dipole-dipole bonding | ethers, aldehyde, ketones, tertiary amine |
These have higher boiling points, melting points and solubility in water | alcohols, carboxylic acids, primary amine and secondary amine |