Question | Answer |
Define Organic Chemistry | The study of compounds of carbon |
What is a hydrocarbon? | A compound containing hydrogen and carbon only |
What is a fossil fuel? | A fuel composed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago |
Define the term saturated compound | A compound in which only singe bonds are present |
Define the term homologous series | A series of compounds of similar chemical properties.
Which show graduations in physical properties.
Each has a general formula.
Each has a similar method of preparation.
Each member differs from the previous by a methylene (CH4) molecule |
What is a structural isomer? | Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae |
Give two tests for unsaturation | Bromine water & Potassium permanganate |
Name an Alkyne | Ethyne |
Define the term aliphatic compound | An organic compound with open chains of carbon atoms and close chain compounds that resemble them in chemical properties |
Define the term aromatic compound | Compounds with a benzene ring structure in their molecules |
How does fractional distillation work? | Crude oil enters a furnace as feed-stock and the chemicals inside are separated out according to boiling point at the temperature decreases up the furnace |
What is the top fraction, refinery gas, used for? | LPG, for gas cookers |
What is petrol used for? | Cars |
What is Naptha used for? | Chemicals for the petrochemical industry e.g. feed-stock for petrol |
What is kerosene used for? | Fueling aircraft ¢ral heating |
What is diesel oil used for? | Trains, buses, trucks and cars |
What is lubricating oil used for? | Waxes and polishes |
What is fuel oil used for? | Fuel for ships and industry |
What is Bitumen/Residue used for? | Roads and roofing |
Define auto ignition | The premature ignition of a petrol air mixture |
Define octane number | The tendency of a fuel to resist auto ignition |
Name 3 factors affecting octane number | Chain length, degree of branching and straight chain or cyclic structure |
Name a fuel with an octane rating of zero | Heptane |
Name a chemical with an octane rating of 100 | 2,2,4-trimethylpentane |
Name four processes used to improve octane rating | Adding oxygenates.
De-hydrocyclisation.
Isomerisation.
Catalytic cracking. |