Question | Answer |
Enoxaparin Sodium Structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Enoxaparin Sodium? | Lovenox |
What is Enoxaparin Sodium used to treat? | Deep vein thrombosis, which can lead to pulmonary embolism |
What is the antidote compound of Enoxaparin Sodium? | Protamine sulfate |
What is Erythromycin used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
What is the mechanism of Enoxaparin Sodium? | Binds to antithrombin to inactivate clotting factor X |
What is the mechanism of Erythromycin? | Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
What is Vancomycin used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
What is the mechanism of Vancomycin? | Inhibits second stage of cell wall synthesis |
Acetylsalicylic Acid structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Acetylsalicylic acid? | Aspirin |
What is Acetylsalicylic acid used to treat? | Mild to moderate pain & inflammation; fever |
What is the mechanism of Acetylsalicylic acid? | Inhibits cylooxygenase from producing Prostaglandin |
Ibuprofen structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Ibuprofen? | Advil, Motrin |
What is Ibuprofen used to treat? | Mild to moderate pain & inflammation; fever |
What is the mechanism of Ibuprofen? | Inhibits cyclooxygenase from producing Prostaglandin |
Phytomenadione (Vitamin K) structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Phytomenadione used to treat? | Clotting agent, high risk of bleeding |
What is the mechanism of Phytomenadione? | Promotes formation of clotting factors II, IV, VII, and X |
Doxycycline structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Doxycycline used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
What is the mechanism of Doxycycline? | Inhibits peptidyl transferase, preventing bacterial protein synthesis |
Folic Acid structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Folic Acid used to treat? | Folic acid deficiency, which leads to low production of RBCs and anemia |
What is the mechanism of Folic Acid? | Synthesizes into dyhydrofolic acid (DHF) which then synthesizes into thymidine 5'-monophosphate (TMP). TMP necessary to create DNA for cell division, allowing RBC production |
Morphine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Morphine used to treat? | Severe pain |
What is the mechanism of Morphine? | Bind to opioid receptors suppressing nerve pathways that cause pain |
Warfarin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Warfarin? | Coumadin |
What is Warfarin used to treat? | Blood clots in veins/arteries to reduce risk of stroke and heart attack |
What is the mechanism of Warfarin? | Inhibits synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, IV, VII, and X) |
What is the antidote compound of Warfarin? | Vitamin K |
Codein structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Codeine used to treat? | Pain; cough |
What is the mechanism of Codeine? | Binds to opioid receptors |
Hydroxycarbamide structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Hydroxycarbamide? | Hydroxyurea |
What is Hydroxycarbamide used to treat? | Sickle cell, leukemia, cervical cancer |
What is the mechanism of Hydroxycarbamide? | Acts as ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, blocking DNA synthesis of pathogenic cells |
Paracetamol structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Paracetamol? | Tylenol |
What is Paracetamol used to treat? | Mild to moderate pain and inflammation; fever |
What is the mechanism of Paracetamol? | Inhibits cyclooxygenase from producing Prostaglandin |
Cephalexin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Cephalexin used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
What is the mechanism of Cephalexin? | Inhibits transpeptidase, preventing cell wall synthesis |
Ampicillin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Ampicillin used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
What is the mechanism of Ampicillin? | Inhibits transpeptidase, blocking third (final) stage of cell wall synthesis |
Chloramphenicol structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Chloramphenicol used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
What is the mechanism of Chloramphenicol? | Inhibits peptidyl transferase, preventing bacterial protein synthesis |
What is the trade name of Miconazole? | Monistat |
What is Miconazole used to treat? | Vaginal yeast infections |
What is the mechanism of Miconazole? | Inhibits conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, which leads to permeability in fungal cell membrane |
Miconazole structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
Digoxin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Digoxin? | Lanoxin |
What is Digoxin used to treat? | a-fib, a-flutter, heart failure |
What is the mechanism of Digoxin? | Inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase |
Epinephrine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Epinephrine? | Adrenaline, EpiPen |
What is Epinephrine used to treat? | Anaphylaxis |
What is the mechanism of Epinephrine? | Binds to alpha and beta receptors causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels therefore increasing BP |
Hydralazine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Hydralazine? | Apresoline |
What is Hydralazine used to treat? | Hypertension |
What is the mechanism of Hydralazine? | Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilating peripheral veins and arteries |
Lidocaine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Lidocaine? | Xylocaine |
What is Lidocaine used to treat? | Acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmias |
What is the mechanism of Lidocaine? | Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels to prevent action potential from firing |
Omeprazole structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Omeprazole? | Prilosec |
What is Omeprazole used to treat? | GERD |
What is the mechanism of Omeprazole? | Inhibits H/K-ATPase system, suppressing stomach acid secretion |
Senna glycoside structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Senna Glycoside? | Ex-lax |
What is Senna Glycoside used to treat? | Constipation |
What is the mechanism of Senna Glycoside? | Irritates colonic wall to induce secretion |
Atorvastatin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Atorvastatin? | Lipitor |
What is Atorvastatin used to treat? | High cholesterol |
What is the mechanism of Atorvastatin? | Inhibits the enzyme that produces cholesterol |
Mupirocin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Mupirocin used to treat? | Bacterial infections of the skin |
What is the mechanism of Mupirocin? | Inhibits isoleucyl-transfer RNA, inhibiting bacterial protein and RNA synthesis |
Potassium Permanganate structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Potassium Permanganate used to treat? | Infections |
Hydrocortisone structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Hydrocortisone? | Cortef |
What is Hydrocortisone used to treat? | Inflammation of the skin |
What is the mechanism of Hydrocortisone? | Inhibits production of histamine |
Benzoyl Peroxide structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Benzoyl Peroxide used to treat? | Acne |
Fluorouracil structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Fluorouracil? | Adrucil |
What is Fluorouracil used to treat? | superficial basal cell carcinoma |
Terbinafine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Terbinafine? | Lamisil |
What is Terbinafine used to treat? | Fungal infections |
What is the mechanism of Terbinafine? | Ergosterol inhibitor, damaging fungal cell walls |
Sodium Nitroprusside structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Sodium Nitroprusside? | Nitropress |
What is Sodium Nitroprusside used to treat? | Blood pressure (immediate) in hypertensive crises |
What is the mechanism of Sodium Nitroprusside? | Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilating veins and arteries |
Metoclopramide structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Metoclopramide? | Reglan |
What is Metoclopramide used to treat? | Nausea, vomiting, heartburn, loss of appetite |
Sulfasalazine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Sulfasalazine used to treat? | Ulcerative colitis |
What is the trade name of Sulfasalazine? | Azulfidine |
Methotrexate structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Methotrexate? | Trexall, Rasuro |
What is Methotrexate used to treat? | Cancer of the breast, skin, head, neck, lung; severe psoriasis; rheumatoid arthritis |
What enzyme does Methotrexate inhibit and why? | Dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the building of DNA, thereby preventing cell production |
Enalapril structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Enalapril | Vasotec |
What is Enalapril used to treat? | Hypertension |
What enzyme does Enalapril inhibit and why? | Angiotensin converting enzyme, which produces a vasoconstrictor (vasoconstrictors increase BP) |
Sildenafil structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is the trade name of Sildenafil? | Viagra |
What is Sildenafil used to treat? | Erectile dysfunction |
What enzyme does sildenafil inhibit and why? | Phophodiesterase-5, which relaxes the arteries that supply blood to the penis, thereby having the opposite effect |
Neostigmine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
What is Neostigmine used to treat? | Myasthenia gravis (muscular weakness) |
What is the trade name of Neostigmine? | Prostigmine |
What enzyme does neostigmine inhibit and why? | Choinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine; a buildup of acetylcholine stimulates muscles and nerves |