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WHO Meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enoxaparin Sodium Structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Enoxaparin Sodium? | Lovenox |
| What is Enoxaparin Sodium used to treat? | Deep vein thrombosis, which can lead to pulmonary embolism |
| What is the antidote compound of Enoxaparin Sodium? | Protamine sulfate |
| What is Erythromycin used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
| What is the mechanism of Enoxaparin Sodium? | Binds to antithrombin to inactivate clotting factor X |
| What is the mechanism of Erythromycin? | Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
| What is Vancomycin used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
| What is the mechanism of Vancomycin? | Inhibits second stage of cell wall synthesis |
| Acetylsalicylic Acid structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Acetylsalicylic acid? | Aspirin |
| What is Acetylsalicylic acid used to treat? | Mild to moderate pain & inflammation; fever |
| What is the mechanism of Acetylsalicylic acid? | Inhibits cylooxygenase from producing Prostaglandin |
| Ibuprofen structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Ibuprofen? | Advil, Motrin |
| What is Ibuprofen used to treat? | Mild to moderate pain & inflammation; fever |
| What is the mechanism of Ibuprofen? | Inhibits cyclooxygenase from producing Prostaglandin |
| Phytomenadione (Vitamin K) structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Phytomenadione used to treat? | Clotting agent, high risk of bleeding |
| What is the mechanism of Phytomenadione? | Promotes formation of clotting factors II, IV, VII, and X |
| Doxycycline structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Doxycycline used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
| What is the mechanism of Doxycycline? | Inhibits peptidyl transferase, preventing bacterial protein synthesis |
| Folic Acid structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Folic Acid used to treat? | Folic acid deficiency, which leads to low production of RBCs and anemia |
| What is the mechanism of Folic Acid? | Synthesizes into dyhydrofolic acid (DHF) which then synthesizes into thymidine 5'-monophosphate (TMP). TMP necessary to create DNA for cell division, allowing RBC production |
| Morphine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Morphine used to treat? | Severe pain |
| What is the mechanism of Morphine? | Bind to opioid receptors suppressing nerve pathways that cause pain |
| Warfarin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Warfarin? | Coumadin |
| What is Warfarin used to treat? | Blood clots in veins/arteries to reduce risk of stroke and heart attack |
| What is the mechanism of Warfarin? | Inhibits synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, IV, VII, and X) |
| What is the antidote compound of Warfarin? | Vitamin K |
| Codein structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Codeine used to treat? | Pain; cough |
| What is the mechanism of Codeine? | Binds to opioid receptors |
| Hydroxycarbamide structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Hydroxycarbamide? | Hydroxyurea |
| What is Hydroxycarbamide used to treat? | Sickle cell, leukemia, cervical cancer |
| What is the mechanism of Hydroxycarbamide? | Acts as ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, blocking DNA synthesis of pathogenic cells |
| Paracetamol structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Paracetamol? | Tylenol |
| What is Paracetamol used to treat? | Mild to moderate pain and inflammation; fever |
| What is the mechanism of Paracetamol? | Inhibits cyclooxygenase from producing Prostaglandin |
| Cephalexin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Cephalexin used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
| What is the mechanism of Cephalexin? | Inhibits transpeptidase, preventing cell wall synthesis |
| Ampicillin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Ampicillin used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
| What is the mechanism of Ampicillin? | Inhibits transpeptidase, blocking third (final) stage of cell wall synthesis |
| Chloramphenicol structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Chloramphenicol used to treat? | Antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections |
| What is the mechanism of Chloramphenicol? | Inhibits peptidyl transferase, preventing bacterial protein synthesis |
| What is the trade name of Miconazole? | Monistat |
| What is Miconazole used to treat? | Vaginal yeast infections |
| What is the mechanism of Miconazole? | Inhibits conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, which leads to permeability in fungal cell membrane |
| Miconazole structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| Digoxin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Digoxin? | Lanoxin |
| What is Digoxin used to treat? | a-fib, a-flutter, heart failure |
| What is the mechanism of Digoxin? | Inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase |
| Epinephrine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Epinephrine? | Adrenaline, EpiPen |
| What is Epinephrine used to treat? | Anaphylaxis |
| What is the mechanism of Epinephrine? | Binds to alpha and beta receptors causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels therefore increasing BP |
| Hydralazine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Hydralazine? | Apresoline |
| What is Hydralazine used to treat? | Hypertension |
| What is the mechanism of Hydralazine? | Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilating peripheral veins and arteries |
| Lidocaine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Lidocaine? | Xylocaine |
| What is Lidocaine used to treat? | Acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmias |
| What is the mechanism of Lidocaine? | Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels to prevent action potential from firing |
| Omeprazole structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Omeprazole? | Prilosec |
| What is Omeprazole used to treat? | GERD |
| What is the mechanism of Omeprazole? | Inhibits H/K-ATPase system, suppressing stomach acid secretion |
| Senna glycoside structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Senna Glycoside? | Ex-lax |
| What is Senna Glycoside used to treat? | Constipation |
| What is the mechanism of Senna Glycoside? | Irritates colonic wall to induce secretion |
| Atorvastatin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Atorvastatin? | Lipitor |
| What is Atorvastatin used to treat? | High cholesterol |
| What is the mechanism of Atorvastatin? | Inhibits the enzyme that produces cholesterol |
| Mupirocin structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Mupirocin used to treat? | Bacterial infections of the skin |
| What is the mechanism of Mupirocin? | Inhibits isoleucyl-transfer RNA, inhibiting bacterial protein and RNA synthesis |
| Potassium Permanganate structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Potassium Permanganate used to treat? | Infections |
| Hydrocortisone structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Hydrocortisone? | Cortef |
| What is Hydrocortisone used to treat? | Inflammation of the skin |
| What is the mechanism of Hydrocortisone? | Inhibits production of histamine |
| Benzoyl Peroxide structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Benzoyl Peroxide used to treat? | Acne |
| Fluorouracil structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Fluorouracil? | Adrucil |
| What is Fluorouracil used to treat? | superficial basal cell carcinoma |
| Terbinafine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Terbinafine? | Lamisil |
| What is Terbinafine used to treat? | Fungal infections |
| What is the mechanism of Terbinafine? | Ergosterol inhibitor, damaging fungal cell walls |
| Sodium Nitroprusside structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Sodium Nitroprusside? | Nitropress |
| What is Sodium Nitroprusside used to treat? | Blood pressure (immediate) in hypertensive crises |
| What is the mechanism of Sodium Nitroprusside? | Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilating veins and arteries |
| Metoclopramide structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Metoclopramide? | Reglan |
| What is Metoclopramide used to treat? | Nausea, vomiting, heartburn, loss of appetite |
| Sulfasalazine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Sulfasalazine used to treat? | Ulcerative colitis |
| What is the trade name of Sulfasalazine? | Azulfidine |
| Methotrexate structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Methotrexate? | Trexall, Rasuro |
| What is Methotrexate used to treat? | Cancer of the breast, skin, head, neck, lung; severe psoriasis; rheumatoid arthritis |
| What enzyme does Methotrexate inhibit and why? | Dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the building of DNA, thereby preventing cell production |
| Enalapril structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Enalapril | Vasotec |
| What is Enalapril used to treat? | Hypertension |
| What enzyme does Enalapril inhibit and why? | Angiotensin converting enzyme, which produces a vasoconstrictor (vasoconstrictors increase BP) |
| Sildenafil structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is the trade name of Sildenafil? | Viagra |
| What is Sildenafil used to treat? | Erectile dysfunction |
| What enzyme does sildenafil inhibit and why? | Phophodiesterase-5, which relaxes the arteries that supply blood to the penis, thereby having the opposite effect |
| Neostigmine structure | CHECK FLASHCARD |
| What is Neostigmine used to treat? | Myasthenia gravis (muscular weakness) |
| What is the trade name of Neostigmine? | Prostigmine |
| What enzyme does neostigmine inhibit and why? | Choinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine; a buildup of acetylcholine stimulates muscles and nerves |
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