Term | Definition |
precipitation | the formation of a solid in a chemical reaction |
precipitate | the solid that forms in a precipitation reaction |
precipitation reaction | a reaction in which a solid forms and separates from the solution |
double replacement reaction | a reaction in which the ions that originally combined complete a double exchange to form two new compounds |
strong electrolyte | a substance that, when dissolved in water, produces separated (dissociated) ions and conducts electricity |
soluble solid | a solid that readily dissolves in water |
insoluble solid/slightly soluble solid | considered to mean the same thing - a solid where so little dissolves that it is undetectable to the naked eye |
molecular equation | a chemical equation showing the complete (undissociated) forms of all reactants and products |
complete ionic equation | a chemical equation for a reaction in solution representing all strong electrolytes as ions |
net ionic equation | a chemical equation for a reaction in solution showing only those components that are directly involved in the reaction |
spectator ion | an ion present in solution that does not participate in the reaction |
Arrhenius acid | a substance that produces H+ ions (protons) when it is dissolved in water |
strong acid | strong electrolyte that produces H+ ions |
Arrhenius base | a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water |
Strong base | strong electrolyte that produces OH- ions |
acid base reaction (neutralization) | when a strong acid and strong base mix, the fundamental chemical change that always occurs is that H+ ions react with OH- ions to form water |
oxidation-reduction reaction | a reaction that involves a transfer of elections |
single replacement reaction | a reaction in which a single type of anion is exchanged |
combustion reaction | a chemical reaction involving oxygen as one of the reactants that produces heat and light |
synthesis (combination) reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance |
decomposition reaction | a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler compounds, or to the component elements |
catalyst | a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up |
seven diatomic molecules | H2, N2, O2, Cl2, F2, I2, Br2 -- Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer |
four driving forces of a chemical reaction | 1) formation of a solid 2) formation of water 3) formation of a gas 4) transfer of electrons |
precipitation reaction (solving) | compound(aq) + compound(aq) = compound(s) + compound(aq) |
double replacement (solving) | can be any states |
acid base (solving) | HX + MOH → H2O(l) + MX
(X = nonmetal, M = metal) - type of double replacement reaction |
oxidation reduction (solving) | always has something by itself (can be on either side of the equation) |
single replacement (solving) | switch the two elements that have the similar sign on their charges |
combustion (solving) | CxHy(O)(g/l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(l)
always has the same products, just need to know how to balance |
synthesis (solving) | 2 elements become one compound |
decomposition (solving) | 1 compound becomes 2 |
steps to balance a combustion reaction | 1) Balance C 2) Balance H 3) Check for an odd amount of O - if odd double everything but O2 |