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Chem Test Ch 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| precipitation | the formation of a solid in a chemical reaction |
| precipitate | the solid that forms in a precipitation reaction |
| precipitation reaction | a reaction in which a solid forms and separates from the solution |
| double replacement reaction | a reaction in which the ions that originally combined complete a double exchange to form two new compounds |
| strong electrolyte | a substance that, when dissolved in water, produces separated (dissociated) ions and conducts electricity |
| soluble solid | a solid that readily dissolves in water |
| insoluble solid/slightly soluble solid | considered to mean the same thing - a solid where so little dissolves that it is undetectable to the naked eye |
| molecular equation | a chemical equation showing the complete (undissociated) forms of all reactants and products |
| complete ionic equation | a chemical equation for a reaction in solution representing all strong electrolytes as ions |
| net ionic equation | a chemical equation for a reaction in solution showing only those components that are directly involved in the reaction |
| spectator ion | an ion present in solution that does not participate in the reaction |
| Arrhenius acid | a substance that produces H+ ions (protons) when it is dissolved in water |
| strong acid | strong electrolyte that produces H+ ions |
| Arrhenius base | a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water |
| Strong base | strong electrolyte that produces OH- ions |
| acid base reaction (neutralization) | when a strong acid and strong base mix, the fundamental chemical change that always occurs is that H+ ions react with OH- ions to form water |
| oxidation-reduction reaction | a reaction that involves a transfer of elections |
| single replacement reaction | a reaction in which a single type of anion is exchanged |
| combustion reaction | a chemical reaction involving oxygen as one of the reactants that produces heat and light |
| synthesis (combination) reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance |
| decomposition reaction | a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler compounds, or to the component elements |
| catalyst | a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up |
| seven diatomic molecules | H2, N2, O2, Cl2, F2, I2, Br2 -- Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer |
| four driving forces of a chemical reaction | 1) formation of a solid 2) formation of water 3) formation of a gas 4) transfer of electrons |
| precipitation reaction (solving) | compound(aq) + compound(aq) = compound(s) + compound(aq) |
| double replacement (solving) | can be any states |
| acid base (solving) | HX + MOH → H2O(l) + MX (X = nonmetal, M = metal) - type of double replacement reaction |
| oxidation reduction (solving) | always has something by itself (can be on either side of the equation) |
| single replacement (solving) | switch the two elements that have the similar sign on their charges |
| combustion (solving) | CxHy(O)(g/l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) always has the same products, just need to know how to balance |
| synthesis (solving) | 2 elements become one compound |
| decomposition (solving) | 1 compound becomes 2 |
| steps to balance a combustion reaction | 1) Balance C 2) Balance H 3) Check for an odd amount of O - if odd double everything but O2 |
Created by:
meg.minor.15
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