Question | Answer |
photosynthesis | process by which a substance undergoes a change that does not alter its identity |
cellular respiration | series of reactions in which glucose is oxidized to form carbon dioxide, water, and energy |
endergonic | absorb energy |
exergonic | release energy |
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | stores chemical energy in its phosphate bonds |
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) | absorbs chemical energy from broken phosphate bonds |
monomer | small molecule that joins with other similar molecules to make a polymer |
polymer | large organic molecule consisting of small repeating units called monomers |
carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; human body's main source of energy |
monosaccharide | monomer of a carbohydrate; simple sugar |
disaccharide | compound composed of two monosaccharides; double sugar |
polysaccharide | polymer formed when three or more monosaccharides join together; complex carbohydrate |
dehydration synthesis | process by which two molecules are joined by removing a molecule of water |
hydrolysis | reaction in which water is added to a reactant, breaking the reactant into two product molecules |
glucose | the carbohydrate produced in photosynthesis |
fructose | a hexose sugar |
galactose | a sugar of the hexose class that is a component of lactose and polysaccharides |
sucrose | a disaccharide containing glucose and fructose units |
lactose | a disaccharide containing glucose and galactose units |
starch | a polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important component of the human diet |
glycogen | a polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis |
cellulose | a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers; an insoluble substance that is the main component of plant cell walls and vegetable fibers |
lipid | organic compound with oily or waxy properties; molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen that are insoluble in water |
oils | triglycerides that are solid at room temperature and that contains mainly unsaturated fatty acids |
fats | triglycerides that are solid at room temperature and that contains mainly saturated fatty acids |
triglyceride | ester of glycerol and three fatty acids; general term for fats and oils |
fatty acid | a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylic group |
glycerol | a trihydric alcohol used especially for explosives |
cellulose | a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers; an insoluble substance that is the main component of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers |
lipid | organic compound with oily or waxy properties |
oil | triglyceride that is liquid at room temperature and that contains mainly unsaturated fatty acids |
fat | triglyceride that is solid at room temperature and that contains mainly saturated fatty acids |
triglyceride | ester of glycerol and three fatty acids; general term for fats and oils |
fatty acid | a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrogen chain and a terminal carboxylic group, especially consisting in fats and oils |
glycerol | a trihydric alcohol; used especially for explosives |
saturated lipid | fat |
unsaturated lipid | oil |
hydrogenation | addition of a hydrogen molecule to a double or triple bond |
phospholipid | lipid made up of an alcohol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group that forms cell membranes |
steroid | any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure of four rings of carbon atoms |
cholesterol | the most important steroid in animals that is synthesized by animals but not by plants |
sex hormone | a hormone affecting sexual development or reproduction |
protein | a polymer made of hundreds of amino acid monomers |
hair, muscle, and connective tissue | structural proteins |
enzyme | a biological catalyst |
hemoglobin | quaternary protein structure |
amino acid | occur naturally in plant and animal tissues and are the basic component of proteins |