Question | Answer |
ORGANIC COMPOUND | A COVALENTLY BONDED COMPOUND THAT CONTAINS CARBON, EXCLUDING CARBONATES AND OXIDES. |
FUNCTIONAL GROUP | PORTION OF A MOLECULE THAT IS ACTIVE IN A CHEMICAL REACTION AND DETERMINES THE PROPERTIES OF MANY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. |
MONOMER | SIMPLE MOLECULE THAT CAN COMBINE WITH OTHER LIKE OR UNLIKE MOLECULES TO AKE A POLYMER. |
POLYMER | LARGE MOLECULE THAT IS FORMED BY MORE THAN FIVE MONOMERS, OR SMALL UNITS. |
MACROMOLECULE | LARGE ORGANIC MOLECULE, USUALLY A POLYMER, COMPOSED FOR HUNDREDS OR THOUSANDS OF ATOMS. |
CONDENSATION REACTION | CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH TWO OR MORE MOLECULES COMBINE TO PRODUCE WATER OR ANOTHER SIMPLE MOLECULE. |
HYDROLYSIS | CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN WATER AND ANOTHER SUBSTANCE TWO FORM TWO OR MORE NEW SUBSTANCES, A REACTION BETWEEN WATER AND SALT TO FORM AN ACID OR BASE. |
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE | COMPOUND THAT STORES A LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY. |
CARBOHYDRATE | ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT IS MADE OF CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN AND PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS OF LIVING THINGS. |
MONOSACCHARIDE | SIMPLE SUGAR THAT IS THE BASIC SUBUNIT, OR MONOMER, OF CARBOHYDRATE. |
DISACCHARIDE | SUGAR FORMED FROM TWO MONOSACCHARIDES. |
POLYSACCHARIDE | ONE OF THE CARBOHYDRATES MADE UP OF LONG CHAINS OF SIMPLE SUGARS; IT INCLUDES STARCH, CELLULOSE AND GLYCOGEN. |
PROTEIN | ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT IS MADE OF ONE OR MORE CHAINS OF AMINO ACIDS AND THAT IS A PRINCIPAL COMPONENT OF ALL CELLS. |
AMINO ACID | ORGANIC MOLECULE THAT CONTAINS CARBOXYL AND AN AMINO GROUP AND MAKES UP PROTEINS. |
PEPTIDE BOND | CHEMICAL BOND THAT FORMS BETWEEN THE CARBOXYL GROUP OF ONE AMINO ACID AND THE AMINO GROUP OF ANOTHER AMINO ACID. |
POLYPEPTIDE | LONG CHAIN OF SEVERAL AMINO ACIDS. |
ENZYME | A TYPE OF PROTEIN THAT SPEEDS UP METABOLIC REACTIONS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS WITHOUT BEING PERMANENTLY CHANGED OR DESTROYED. |
SUBSTRATE | A PART, SUBSTANCE OR ELEMENT THAT LIES BENEATH AND SUPPORTS ANOTHER PART, SUBSTANCE OR ELEMENT. THE REACTANT IN REACTIONS CATALYZED BY ENZYMES. |
ACTIVE SITE | THE SITE OF AN ENZYME THAT ATTACHES TO A SUBSTRACT. |
LIPID | A LARGE, NONPOLAR ORGANIC MOLECULE, INCLUDING FATS AND STEROIDS: LIPIDS STORE ENERGY AND MAKE UP CELL MEMBRANES. |
FATTY ACID | ORGANIC ACID THAT IS CONTAINED IN LIPIDS, SUCH AS FATS AND OILS. |
PHOSPHOLIPID | A LIPID THAT CONTAINS PHOSPHOROUS AND THAT IS A STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN CELL MEMBRANES. |
WAX | A TYPE OF STRUCTURAL LIPID CONSISTING OF A LONG FATTY-ACID CHAIN THAT IS JOINED TO A LONG ALCOHOL CHAIN. |
STEROID | A TYPE OF LIPID THAT CONSIST OF FOUR CARBON RINGS TO WHICH VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ARE ATTACHED AND THAT USUALLY HAS A PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION. |
NUCLEIC ACID | ORGANIC COMPOUND, EITHER RNA O DNA WHOSE MOLECULES ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR TWO CHAINS OF NUCLEOTIDES AND CARRY GENETIC INFO. |
NUCLEOTIDE | IN A NUCLEIC-ACID CHAIN, A SUBUNIT THAT CONSIST OF SUGAR, A PHOSPHATE AND A NITROGENOUS BASE. |
RIBONUCLEIC ACID | STORES AND TRANSFERS INFORMATION FROM DNA THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR MANUFACTURING OF PROTEINS. |
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) | CONTAINS THE INFORMATION THAT DETERMINES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ORGANISM. |