Term | Definition |
Three types of chemical bonds (Lewis): | Ionic, covalent, metallic |
Lewis structure | the element symbol is surrounded by a number of dots equal to the number of valence electrons |
Ionic Bond | Ionic: valance electrons are transferred (usually formed between a metal and a non-metal). |
Covalent Bond | Covalent: valence electrons are shared (usually formed between two non-metals) |
Coordinate covalent bond | both electrons in a bonding pair come from the same atom. |
Metallic Bond | "Electron Sea" model. Luster/ shine, malleability, ductility, conductance |
Properties of Acids | Dissolve metals. Taste sour. React with bases to form salt and water.
Turn litmus paper red. |
Properties of Bases | Feel slippery. Taste bitter. React with acids to form water and salt in neutralization reactions. Turn litmus paper blue |
Neutralization equations | acid + base --------> water + salt, where salt = anion from the acid and cation from the base. |
Arrhenius definition | Acid-produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. Base- produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. |
Brønsted-Lowry definitions | acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. BASES ACCEPT ACIDS DONATE. |
Types of acids | Strong (dissociate in water) or weak (do not) |
Types of bases | Strong (dissociate in water) or weak (do not) |
Oxidation | electron drain or oxygen gain or hydrogen loss |
Reduction | electron gain or oxygen loss or hydrogen gain. |
The reducing agent is oxidized (loses electrons). | |
The oxidizing agent is reduced (gains electrons). | |
Hydrocarbons | Saturated, Unsaturated, Other |
Saturated | Alkanes- single bonds |
Unsaturated | Alkenes- one or more double bonds. Alkynes- one or more triple bonds. |
Other | Aromatics- 6-membered rings w/alternating single and double bonds. |