Question | Answer |
OH- | Hydroxide |
CN- | Cyanide |
NO3- | Nitrate |
NO2- | Nitrite |
MnO4- | Permanganete |
ClO3- | Chlorate |
ClO4- | Perchlorate |
CH3COO- | Acetate |
(SO4)2- | Sulfate |
(SO3)2- | Sulfite |
(CrO4)2- | Chromate |
(CO3)2- | Carbonate |
(PO4)3- | Phosphate |
(NH4)+1 | Ammonium |
What are the 5 strong bases? | LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(Oh)2, Ba(Oh)2 |
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is a __ | strong base |
Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) is a __ | strong base |
Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(Oh)2 | strong base |
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) | strong base |
Barium Hydroxide - Ba(Oh)2 | strong base |
What are the 6 strong acids? | HCl, HI, HBr, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4 |
Which strong acid is HCl | Hydrochloric Acid |
Which strong acid is HBr | Hydrobromic Acid |
Which strong acid is HI | Hydroiodic Acid |
Which strong acid is H2SO4 | Sulfuric Acid |
Which strong acid is HNO3 | Nitric Acid |
Which strong acid is HClO4 | Perchloric Acid |
What elements are always soluble? | Group 1A cations
Perchlorates (ClO4)-
Nitrates (NO3)-
Acetates (Ch3COO)-
Ammonium (NH4)+ |
Chlorides (Cl-), Bromides (Br-) & Iodides (I-) are always soluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Mercury (Hg), Silver (Ag), Lead (Pb) |
Sulfates (SO4)2- are always soluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Silver (Ag)
Mercury (Hg)
Lead (Pb)
Calcium (Ca)
Barium (Ba)
Strontium (Sr) |
Phosphates and Carbonates are always INsoluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Group 1 cations and NH4+ |
Hydroxides (OH-) & Sulfites (SO3 2-) are always INsoluble EXCEPT when paired with: | Group 1 cations
NH4+
Strontium (Sr)
Barium (Ba) |
What is the order you assign oxidation numbers? | 1. Single elemental atoms
2. Ions (including polyatomics)
3. Fluorine
4. Alkali Metals
5. Alkaline Earth Metals
6. Hydrogen
7. Oxygen
8. Alumnium |
What is the oxidation number of Single elemental atoms? | 0 |
What is the oxidation number of Ions? | Charge of that ion |
What is the oxidation number of Alkali metals? | +1 |
What is the oxidation number of Alkaline earth metals? | +2 |
What is the oxidation number of Fluorine? | -1 |
What is the oxidation number of Hydrogen? | +1 |
What is the oxidation number of Oxygen? | -2 |
What is the oxidation number of Alumnium? | +1 |
When does Hydrogen not have +1 charge? | When with a nonmetal (-1) |
Atm measures.. | pressure |
1 atm = | 760mmHg |
The pressure of gas can be increased by: | increasing temperature of gas
&
increasing amount of gas in a container (or changing size of container) |
The Ideal Gas Law: | PV=nRT |
What is STP? | Standard Temperature Pressure (273K) , (1atm) |
Oxidation is the ___ of electrons | loss |
Reduction is the __ of electrons | gain |
If you've been oxidized, you are the ___ agent | reducing |
If you've been reduced, you are the ___ agent | oxidizing |
When you lose electrons this is the on the ___ side | product |
When you gain electrons, this is on the ___ side | reactant |
The ___ is the charge assigned to each atom in the redox reaction | oxidation number |
A ___ reaction is the transfer of electrons. One species is oxidized, another is reduced | redox |
When you lose electrons, the charge becomes more __ | positive |
When you gain electrons, the charge becomes more ___ | negative |
What kind of reaction is this?
Acid+base --->salt + H2O. | Acid-Base |
Salt(aq) + Salt(aq) ---> new salt(aq) + new salt (s) | Precipitation |
In a precipitation reaction, one of the products MUST be: | insouluble |
In a redox reaction, the | oxidation numbers of elements change |
A combustion reaction is any reaction where ___ | carbon dioxide and water forms |
Precipitate means __ | solution does not break up (insoluble) |
Partial pressure is | (mole fraction)(total pressure) |
Total pressure is just the ___ | partial pressures added together |
Mole fraction: | moles of gas/total moles |
The higher the molar mass, the ___ the effusion rate | lower |
Density increases as molar mass ___ | increase |
Lower the molar mass, the ___ the speed | faster |
time is directly proprtional to : | molar mass |
Boyles Law states: | when volume goes up, pressure goes down and vice versa. |
In Boyles Law, at constant temperature volume and pressure are __ | inversely proprtional |
Charles Law states that at constant temperature: | volume and temperature are directly proportional (V=T) |
Avogadro;s Law states: | if my volume is increasing, its because my moles is increasing
V=n |
We use effusion: | when comparing speed/velocity of multiple gases |
Effusion is a.k.a. | speed |
The less you weigh, the ___ you move | faster |
3 assumptions for kinetic molecular theory: | 1. must be very small compared to total volume
2.average kinetic energy is influenced by the temperature
3.must be completely elastic |
What does it mean to be elastic? | Gas particles bounce off ot other gas particles, they do not stick |
When you lose electrons you are becoming more __ | positive |
When you gain electrons, you are becoming more __ | negative |
When you go through oxidation, you are the __ | reducing agent |
When you go through reduction, you are the __ | oxidizing agent |