Question | Answer |
What is the acronym to help you remember the movement of ions in solutions? | NANAs give up and burn. Nonmetal Anions are Negatively charged and go to the Anode; the anions give up their electrons as they are oxidised (burn) |
What is the acronym to help you remember the definition of oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons? | OILRIG. Oxidation Is Loss of electrons and Reduction Is Gain of electrons |
To which electrode do the ions in Copper Sulphate move to? | Copper is a metal, so the copper ion will move to the Cathode. Sulphate is a non-metal ion and will move to the anode. |
Why is Hydrogen gas produced at the Cathode during the electrolysis of Sodium Chloride solution? | Because in solutions there are 4 ions: Sodium, Chloride, and Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions; the latter 2 come from the water |
What are the ions in a solution of Copper Chloride? | Sodium, Chloride, and Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions; the latter 2 come from the water |
What will be collected at the Cathode during the electrolysis of a solution? | Either a metal low in the reactivity series OR hydrogen gas |
What will be collected at the Anode during the electrolysis of a solution? | Either a Halogen OR Oxygen gas |
Describe the reaction at the Cathode | The metal ION gains electrons to become metal ATOM. Have you used the keywords? Did you use "NANAs give up and die" to help you remember? |
Describe the reaction at the Anode | The non-metal ION loses electrons to become metal ATOM. Have you used the keywords? Did you use "NANAs give up and die" to help you remember? |
What is the name of the negative electrode? | Cathode is the negCATive electrode |
What is the name of the positive electrode? | It is not the negCATive, so the name is Anode |
Which ions move to the Anode? | Non-metal Anions, they are Negative (remember "NANAs give up and burn") |
Which ions move to the Cathode? | metal cations, they are positive (remember "NANAs give up and die") |
What will be collected at the electrodes during the electrolysis of MOLTEN sodium chloride? | Sodium (metal) at the Cathode and Chlorine (non-metal) at the Anode |
What will be collected at the electrodes during the electrolysis of a SOLUTION of sodium chloride? | Hydrogen at the Cathode because Sodium is a reactive metal.
Chlorine at the Anode as it is a Halogen |
During purification of copper, what are the electrodes made of? | The Cathode is pure copper and the Anode is impure copper |
During purification of copper, describe the reaction at the Anode | Not quite NANA give up and burn... the copper ATOMS from the electrode will LOSE electrons and become copper IONS. Have you used the keywords? |
During purification of copper, describe the reaction at the Cathode | The copper IONS from the solution will collect/GAIN electrons to become copper ATOMS |
During purification of copper, why does the Cathode gain mass? | because the copper IONS from the solution will collect/GAIN electrons to become copper ATOMS. More atoms = more mass. |
During purification of copper, why does the Anode lose mass? | because the copper ATOMS from the electrode will LOSE electrons to become copper IONS. (Have you used the keywords?) The ions go insolution. Less atoms=less mass |
What is the sludge found under the Anode made of? | Impurities from the copper anode: Silver metal |
During purification of copper, why does the concentration of copper ions in solution stay the same? | Because for each ION that move to the cathode to become an ATOM, an ATOM from the anode loses an electron to become an ION |
During purification of copper, what happens to the copper ions in solution? | The copper IONS move to the Cathode |
During purification of copper, why does the Anode lose MORE mass than the Cathode gains? | for each ION that becomes an ATOM at the cathode, an ATOM from the anode loses an electron to become an ION; so the mass lost and gained should be the same: the difference is the impurities found in the Anode that fall at the bottom of the beaker. |