Term | Definition |
Solutions | =solvent+solute, homogeneous mixtures of variable composition in a single phase, mixtures that don't clump together, separate from each other, or fall to the bottom of the container. |
Solvent | the MOST abundant substance in a solution |
Solute | the LEAST abundant substance in a solution, they are the dissolved substance |
Miscible | when 2 liquids mix to form a homogeneous mixture |
Immiscible | when liquids separate after mixing (oil and vinegar), not mixable |
Solid solutions | can dissolve liquids, gasses, or other solids (metal alloys are an example) |
Amalgam | a solution containing mercury |
Gaseous solutions | cannot dissolve liquids or solids bc gas particles are smaller |
Solvation | dissolving process in solid-in-liquid solutions |
Hydration | solvation in water |
Dissocation | if the solute is an IONIC compound, solvent molecules break up the crystal into ions in this process of dissociation |
Ionization | when covalent compounds form ions when they dissolve |
Covalent molcules | in solid and gaseous solutions solutes and solvents mix mostly by diffusion |
Ionic | metal-nonmetal |
Covalent | nonmetal-nonmetal |
Like dissolves like | non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes, polar dissolves polar or ionic substances (things with CHARGES) |
What dissolves in water? | POLAR THINGS |
Soluble | able to be dissolved (water and sugar) |
Insoluble | NOT able to be dissolved (water and oil) |
Unsaturated | when you can add more solute to a solution and more can be dissolved |
Saturdated | when you can't dissolve more solute without seeing some fall to the bottom of the container |
Supersaturation | when a solution contains more dissolved solute than it does at equilibrium |
Little m | molality |
Big M | molarity |
What is the i if it is covalent? | i=1 |
Water's second temp is always... | 100 degrees Celsius |
Where do you take the SF's from? | molality |
What are colloids? | they are NOT solutions! they are mixtures that contain small particles dispersed in a medium |
What are the particles called in colloids? | Dispersed phase |
What is the medium called? | the dispersing medium |
What is an example of a colloid? | fog |
What was John Tyndall's theory? | The Tyndall Effect |
What was the Tyndall Effect? | a beam of light will pass through a solution w/o being seen, it is used to distinguish colloids from solutions |