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Chapter 12 Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solutions | =solvent+solute, homogeneous mixtures of variable composition in a single phase, mixtures that don't clump together, separate from each other, or fall to the bottom of the container. |
| Solvent | the MOST abundant substance in a solution |
| Solute | the LEAST abundant substance in a solution, they are the dissolved substance |
| Miscible | when 2 liquids mix to form a homogeneous mixture |
| Immiscible | when liquids separate after mixing (oil and vinegar), not mixable |
| Solid solutions | can dissolve liquids, gasses, or other solids (metal alloys are an example) |
| Amalgam | a solution containing mercury |
| Gaseous solutions | cannot dissolve liquids or solids bc gas particles are smaller |
| Solvation | dissolving process in solid-in-liquid solutions |
| Hydration | solvation in water |
| Dissocation | if the solute is an IONIC compound, solvent molecules break up the crystal into ions in this process of dissociation |
| Ionization | when covalent compounds form ions when they dissolve |
| Covalent molcules | in solid and gaseous solutions solutes and solvents mix mostly by diffusion |
| Ionic | metal-nonmetal |
| Covalent | nonmetal-nonmetal |
| Like dissolves like | non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes, polar dissolves polar or ionic substances (things with CHARGES) |
| What dissolves in water? | POLAR THINGS |
| Soluble | able to be dissolved (water and sugar) |
| Insoluble | NOT able to be dissolved (water and oil) |
| Unsaturated | when you can add more solute to a solution and more can be dissolved |
| Saturdated | when you can't dissolve more solute without seeing some fall to the bottom of the container |
| Supersaturation | when a solution contains more dissolved solute than it does at equilibrium |
| Little m | molality |
| Big M | molarity |
| What is the i if it is covalent? | i=1 |
| Water's second temp is always... | 100 degrees Celsius |
| Where do you take the SF's from? | molality |
| What are colloids? | they are NOT solutions! they are mixtures that contain small particles dispersed in a medium |
| What are the particles called in colloids? | Dispersed phase |
| What is the medium called? | the dispersing medium |
| What is an example of a colloid? | fog |
| What was John Tyndall's theory? | The Tyndall Effect |
| What was the Tyndall Effect? | a beam of light will pass through a solution w/o being seen, it is used to distinguish colloids from solutions |
Created by:
zeldaprincess97
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