Question | Answer |
What is a cation? | A positive ion. |
What is an anion? | A negative ion. |
How do you name monoatomic cations? | Just name the element. |
How do you name monoatomic anions? | Keep the root name and add -ide.
N = Nitride
H = Hydride |
How do you name elements with multiple charges? | Co+2 = Cobalt (II)
Co+3 = Cobalt (III)
Sn+2 = Tin (II)
Sn+4 = Tin (IV)
Cu+1 = Copper (I)
Cu+2 = Copper (II) |
How do you name simple compounds? | Always name cation first. Anion takes root + -ide.
CsBr = Cesium Bromide
CuCl = Copper (I) Chloride
CuCl2 = Copper (II) Chloride |
What is an oxyanion? | A polyatomic ion that contains oxygen. |
How do you name oxyanions? | The name of the ion with the greater # of oxygen atoms ends in -ate; the name of the ion with the smaller # ens in -ite. |
What is a binary covalent compound? | A compound formed between two non-metals. |
Prefix for 1 | mono |
Prefix for 2 | di |
Prefix for 3 | tri |
Prefix for 4 | tetra |
Prefix for 5 | penta |
Prefix for 6 | hexa |
Prefix for 7 | hepta |
Prefix for 8 | octa |
Prefix for 9 | nona |
Prefix for 10 | deca |
Binary Acid | acid that consists of two elements usually hydrogen and one of the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). |
Oxyacid | acid that contains Hydrogen, Oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal. |
HF | Hydrofluoric acid |
HCl | Hyrdochloric acid |
HBr | Hydrobromic acid |
HI | Hydriodic Acid |
H3PO4 | Phosphoric Acid |
HNO2 | Nitrous Acid |
HNO3 | Nitric Acid |
H2SO3 | Sulfurous Acid |
H2SO4 | Sulfuric Acid |
CH3COOH | Acetic Acid |
HClO | Hypochlorous Acid |
HClO2 | Chlorous Acid |
HClO3 | Chloric Acid |
HClO4 | Perchloric Acid |
H2CO3 | Carbonic Acid |
BINARY COVALENT COMPOUNDS
P2O5 | Diphosphorous Pentaoxide |
SO3 | Sulfur Trioxide |
CO2 | Carbon Dioxide |
PCl5 | Phosphorous Pentachloride |
O2F2 | Dioxygen Difluoride |
What does a Chemical Formula Tell Us? | The number of atoms in a compound or molecule.
ex NaCl = 1 Na; 1 Cl
H2SO4 = 2 H; 1 S; 4 O |
Formula Mass | the sum of the atomic masses of the all atoms present. Has the units AMU
ex HNO = 63 AMU |
**Molecular formula? | moles = grams/molar mass |
NO3 (-1) | Nitrate |
NO2 (-1) | Nitrite |
SO4 (-2) | Sulfate |
SO3 (-2) | Sulfite |
PO4 (-3) | Phosphate |
PO3 (-3) | Phosphite |
ClO (-1) | Hypochlorite |
ClO2 (-1) | Chlorite |
ClO3 (-1) | Chlorate |
ClO4 (-1) | Perchlorate |
Cr2O7 (-2) | Dichromate |
MnO4 (-1) | Permanganate |
C2H3O2 (-1) or CH3COO (-1) | Acetate |
NH4 (+1) | Ammonium |
O2 (-2) | Peroxide |
CN (-1) | Cyanide |
Formula for % of element in a compound? | mass of element in compound/mass of compound x 100 |
Empirical Formula | Ratio of atoms in a compound
ex glucose - CH2O |
Molecular Formula | Shows the actual number of atoms in a compound
ex glucose - C6H12O6 |
How do i find the molecular formula? | Divide the molar mass by the molar mass of the empirical formula, then multiply the empirical formula by the resulting integer |
Name the Drivers for a chemical Reaction (6) | 1. Color Change
2. Formation of a gas
3. Formation of a solid
4. Formation of H2O (water)
5. Transfer of electrons (Oxidation Reduction Reaction or Redox)
6. Evolution of energy in the form of heat or light |
A chemical change always involves a? | rearrangement of atoms |
Law of Conservation of Mass | In a chemical reaction, atoms are neither created nor destroyed. There must be the same # of atoms on the product side as the reactant side (balancing equations). |
Chemical equation | Shows the identities and relative amounts of reactants and products in a reaction using symbols and formulas.
ex Zn(NO3)2 + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + HNO3 |
Formula Equation | With symbols and formulas, shows the reactans and products in a reaction.
ex Zn(NO3)2 + HCl --> ZnCl2 + HNO3 |
What are 4 types of chemical reactions? | 1. Formation of a gas
2. Formation of a solid (Precipitate)
3. Formation of Water
4. Transfer of e-s (Oxidation Reduction Reaction or redox) |
Other ways to classify reactions? (5) | 1. Combustion Reaction
2. Synthesis Reaction
3. Decomposition Reaction
4. Single Displacement Reaction
5. Double Displacement Reaction |
Combustion Reaction | In a combustion reaction, a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a
large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.
EX 2H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2H2O(g) |
Synthesis Reaction | In a synthesis Reaction, aka a composition reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
A + X --> AX |
Decomposition Reaction | A single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances. Usually requires heat or an electric current.
AX --> A + X |
Single Displacement Reaction | aka a replacement reaction, where one element replaces a similar element in a compound
A + BX --> AX + B |
Double Displacement Reaction | In a double displacement reaction the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.
AX + BY --> AY + BX |