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Chem Chapter 7+8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cation? | A positive ion. |
| What is an anion? | A negative ion. |
| How do you name monoatomic cations? | Just name the element. |
| How do you name monoatomic anions? | Keep the root name and add -ide. N = Nitride H = Hydride |
| How do you name elements with multiple charges? | Co+2 = Cobalt (II) Co+3 = Cobalt (III) Sn+2 = Tin (II) Sn+4 = Tin (IV) Cu+1 = Copper (I) Cu+2 = Copper (II) |
| How do you name simple compounds? | Always name cation first. Anion takes root + -ide. CsBr = Cesium Bromide CuCl = Copper (I) Chloride CuCl2 = Copper (II) Chloride |
| What is an oxyanion? | A polyatomic ion that contains oxygen. |
| How do you name oxyanions? | The name of the ion with the greater # of oxygen atoms ends in -ate; the name of the ion with the smaller # ens in -ite. |
| What is a binary covalent compound? | A compound formed between two non-metals. |
| Prefix for 1 | mono |
| Prefix for 2 | di |
| Prefix for 3 | tri |
| Prefix for 4 | tetra |
| Prefix for 5 | penta |
| Prefix for 6 | hexa |
| Prefix for 7 | hepta |
| Prefix for 8 | octa |
| Prefix for 9 | nona |
| Prefix for 10 | deca |
| Binary Acid | acid that consists of two elements usually hydrogen and one of the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). |
| Oxyacid | acid that contains Hydrogen, Oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal. |
| HF | Hydrofluoric acid |
| HCl | Hyrdochloric acid |
| HBr | Hydrobromic acid |
| HI | Hydriodic Acid |
| H3PO4 | Phosphoric Acid |
| HNO2 | Nitrous Acid |
| HNO3 | Nitric Acid |
| H2SO3 | Sulfurous Acid |
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric Acid |
| CH3COOH | Acetic Acid |
| HClO | Hypochlorous Acid |
| HClO2 | Chlorous Acid |
| HClO3 | Chloric Acid |
| HClO4 | Perchloric Acid |
| H2CO3 | Carbonic Acid |
| BINARY COVALENT COMPOUNDS P2O5 | Diphosphorous Pentaoxide |
| SO3 | Sulfur Trioxide |
| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide |
| PCl5 | Phosphorous Pentachloride |
| O2F2 | Dioxygen Difluoride |
| What does a Chemical Formula Tell Us? | The number of atoms in a compound or molecule. ex NaCl = 1 Na; 1 Cl H2SO4 = 2 H; 1 S; 4 O |
| Formula Mass | the sum of the atomic masses of the all atoms present. Has the units AMU ex HNO = 63 AMU |
| **Molecular formula? | moles = grams/molar mass |
| NO3 (-1) | Nitrate |
| NO2 (-1) | Nitrite |
| SO4 (-2) | Sulfate |
| SO3 (-2) | Sulfite |
| PO4 (-3) | Phosphate |
| PO3 (-3) | Phosphite |
| ClO (-1) | Hypochlorite |
| ClO2 (-1) | Chlorite |
| ClO3 (-1) | Chlorate |
| ClO4 (-1) | Perchlorate |
| Cr2O7 (-2) | Dichromate |
| MnO4 (-1) | Permanganate |
| C2H3O2 (-1) or CH3COO (-1) | Acetate |
| NH4 (+1) | Ammonium |
| O2 (-2) | Peroxide |
| CN (-1) | Cyanide |
| Formula for % of element in a compound? | mass of element in compound/mass of compound x 100 |
| Empirical Formula | Ratio of atoms in a compound ex glucose - CH2O |
| Molecular Formula | Shows the actual number of atoms in a compound ex glucose - C6H12O6 |
| How do i find the molecular formula? | Divide the molar mass by the molar mass of the empirical formula, then multiply the empirical formula by the resulting integer |
| Name the Drivers for a chemical Reaction (6) | 1. Color Change 2. Formation of a gas 3. Formation of a solid 4. Formation of H2O (water) 5. Transfer of electrons (Oxidation Reduction Reaction or Redox) 6. Evolution of energy in the form of heat or light |
| A chemical change always involves a? | rearrangement of atoms |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | In a chemical reaction, atoms are neither created nor destroyed. There must be the same # of atoms on the product side as the reactant side (balancing equations). |
| Chemical equation | Shows the identities and relative amounts of reactants and products in a reaction using symbols and formulas. ex Zn(NO3)2 + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + HNO3 |
| Formula Equation | With symbols and formulas, shows the reactans and products in a reaction. ex Zn(NO3)2 + HCl --> ZnCl2 + HNO3 |
| What are 4 types of chemical reactions? | 1. Formation of a gas 2. Formation of a solid (Precipitate) 3. Formation of Water 4. Transfer of e-s (Oxidation Reduction Reaction or redox) |
| Other ways to classify reactions? (5) | 1. Combustion Reaction 2. Synthesis Reaction 3. Decomposition Reaction 4. Single Displacement Reaction 5. Double Displacement Reaction |
| Combustion Reaction | In a combustion reaction, a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat. EX 2H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2H2O(g) |
| Synthesis Reaction | In a synthesis Reaction, aka a composition reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound. A + X --> AX |
| Decomposition Reaction | A single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances. Usually requires heat or an electric current. AX --> A + X |
| Single Displacement Reaction | aka a replacement reaction, where one element replaces a similar element in a compound A + BX --> AX + B |
| Double Displacement Reaction | In a double displacement reaction the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. AX + BY --> AY + BX |
Created by:
Jaci
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