Term | Definition |
Matter | is anything that has mass and takes up space |
Atom | is the smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element |
Democritus | he was an early scientist that said that that if you cut up something you would eventually end up with a particle that you can not divide it farther |
Protons | is a positive charge found with in an atomic nuclei |
Neutrons | is a neutral charge found within an atomic nuclei |
Electrons | is a negative charge that balances the positive charge of the protons in the atomic nuclei |
Bohr | He was a scientist that further developed Rutherfords atomic model |
Elements | It is a pure substance that can’t be separated into simpler substance by physical or chemical means |
Compounds | it is a pure substance composed of two or more different elements joined together by chemical bonds. They can only be separated by chemical means, not physically |
Mixtures | It is a combination of two or more pure substances that aren’t chemically combined |
Heterogeneous mixtures | You can see all the parts not completely combined |
Homogeneous mixtures | You can’t see all the parts appears the same |
Physical change | matter changes in some way |
Chemical change | 2 substances make new substance |
Melting point | is the point where heat is absorbed and makes the solid into a liquid or gas |
Boiling point | is the temp. at which a liquid boils, it will become a gas substance |
Density | is Mass/Volume also it is a property that describes their relationship between the mass of a material and its volume |
Dmitri Mendeleev | He made the periodic table |
Periodic table | shows all the elements in the universe. also organizes the elements by chemical properties |
Atomic number | number of protons |
Symbol | is the abbreviated version of the element |
Atomic weight | is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
Period | Each row on the periodic table |
Orbitals | are the pattern the electrons takes to go around the nucleus |
Group | The elements in each group have the some number of electrons in the outer orbital |
Families | 1A is the family made up of alkali metals 2A is made up of alkaline earth metals 7A is made up of the halogens 8A is made up of Noble gases |
Metalloids | Have Metal and nonmetal properties Act as semiconductors Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium are Metalloids |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
Double helix | spiral shaped ladder |
Chromosomes | When DNA comes in long strands |
Bases | cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine |
Genes | Each one of these small sections of DNA |
Genotype | The set of genes carried by the organism |
Phenotype | The physical expression of the gene |
Punnett Square | A tool which uses the combination of alleles to predict the probability of traits showing up in offspring |
Dominant trait | A trait that will always be expressed in the phenotype, Alleles for dominant traits are represented by capital letters |
Recessive trait | A trait that will always be expressed in the phenotype if two recessive alleles are present |
Mendel | A scientist that cross -pollinated plants for research on genetics |
Miescher | A scientist that isolate DNA from nuclei of leukocyte |
Heredity | The transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring |
Nuclein | A group of proteins, containing phosphorous, that occur in the nuclei of living cells |
Generation | The term of years |
Leukocytes | A colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease |