Question | Answer |
What charge does a neutron have? | No charge |
What charge does an electron have? | Negative charge |
What charge does a proton have? | Positive charge |
What is in the nucleus of an atom? | Protons and neutrons |
The nucleus of an atom is what compared to the rest of the atom? | Very small |
What is the formula for atomic mass? | Protons+Neutrons |
What are isotopes? | Atoms that have different numbers of neutrons than the periodic table suggests |
Rows on the periodic table are called... | Periods |
Columns on the periodic table are called... | Groups |
What are the six flavors of quarks? | Up, down, strange, charmed, top, bottom |
Metals are good conductors of what? | Heat and electricity |
What does it mean to be malleable? | It (a metal) can be bent and pounded into lots of shapes |
What does it mean to be ductile? | It (a metal) can be drawn into wires without breaking |
What is a compound? | A substance whose smallest unit is made up of more than one element bonded together |
What is a mixture? | When two or more substances come together but don't combine to make a new substance |
Ionic bonding occurs between what kinds of elements? | Metals and nonmetals |
Covalent bonding occurs between what kinds of elements? | Two nonmetals |
What is a physical property? | A characteristic of a material that can be observes or measured without changing the identity of the material |
Which state of matter has a fixed position and particles close together? | Solid |
Which state of matter has particles moving fast enough that they can move past each other so the matter can take the shape of the container? | Liquid |
Which state of matter has particles moving fast and freely so that they take up as much space as possible? | Gas |
The phase change of liquid to solid is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Freezing; Release |
The phase change of solid to liquid is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Melting; Absorb |
The phase change of liquid to gas is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Evaporation; Absorb |
The phase change of gas to liquid is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Condensation; Release |
The phase change of gas to solid is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Sublimation; Release |
The phase change of solid to gas is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Deposition; Absorb |
What does like dissolves like mean? | Polar solutes dissolve polar solvents and nonpolar solutes dissolve nonpolar solvents |
Polar bonds are... | Assymetrical |
Nonpolar bonds are... | Symmetrical |
In liquid-solid solutions when you increase temperature the sollubility... | Increases |
In liquid-gas solutions when you increase temperature the sollubility... | Descreases |
What are acids? | Substances that release positive hydrogen ions, hydonium ions |
What are bases? | Substances that accept hydrogen ions and when when combined with water releases hydroxide ions, OH- |
Acids have a pH that is... | Below 7 |
Bases have a pH that is... | Above 7 |
Water has a pH of... | 7 |
What is a chemical reaction? | A process that produces a chemical change? |
What is the law of conservation of mass? | The mass of the products must be the same as the mass of the reactants |
What are waves? | A disturbance that moves through matter or space and move energy from one place to another |
What mediums can mechanical waves move through? | Only through matter |
What are the two types of mechanical waves? | Transverse and Compressional (longitudinal) |
Transverse waves move matter at what angle to the direction in which the wave travels? | Right angle |
Compressional waves move matter in what direction compared to the direction in which the wave travels? | The same direction |
What are the places where the wave is squeezed together called? | Compressions |
What are the places where the wave is spread apart called? | Rarefactions |
The compressions and rarefactions travel along the matter but the matter only moves... | Back and forth |
What are electromagnetic waves? | Transverse waves that can travel through matter or empty space |
What are wavelengths? | The distance between two crests or troughs |
What is frequency? | The number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second |
What is the human perception of sound frequency? | Pitch |
What is amplitude (transverse waves)? | The distance between a waves crest and trough divided by two |
What is amplitude (compressional waves)? | It depends on the density of the compressions and rarefactions |
The more energy a wave has, the larger its... | Amplitude |
Amplitude is an indication of what? | Energy |
What is the formula for wave speed? | Wave speed= Wavelength x Frequency |
Wave speed depends on what? | The medium the wave is traveling through |
What is the crest of a wave? | The highest part of the transverse wave |
What is the trough of a wave? | The lowest part of a transverse wave |
When waves travel from one material to another they change... | Direction |
What is it called when waves bounce off of surfaces? | Reflect |
What is it called when waves change directions? | Refract |
What is it called when waves bend around obstacles? | Diffract |
What is the angle of incidence? | The angle between the normal line and the incident ray? |
What is the angle of reflection? | The angle between the normal line of the reflected ray |
What is the law of reflection? | The angle of incidence= the angle of reflection |
Sound waves are what kind of waves? | Compressional wave |
What mediums can sound waves travel through? | Only matter |
The speed of sound waves depends on what? | The matter that it's traveling through |
What is a waves intensity? | The amount of energy a wave carries past a certain area each second |
What is the relationship of the distance you are to the origin of the sound and its intensity? | The closer you are to the origin of a sound, the greater the intensity |
The measurement of intensity is... | Decibels |
Greater intensity= greater... | Amplitude |
What is how we perceive intensity? | Loudness |
What are electromagnetic waves? | Waves that travel through matter or empty space |
All electromagnetic waves are... | Transverse |
Infared waves are what in relation to visible light? | Slightly longer than visible light |
White light is... | A combination of every colour |
Ultraviolet waves are what in relation to visible light? | Slightly shorter than visible light |
What are H+ ions called? | Hydronium Ions |
What form of energy is sound? | Mechanical |
Which colour on the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength? | Red |
Which colour on the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength? | Violet |
What is sublimation? | The phase change from solid to gas |
What is deposition? | The phase change from gas to solid |
Electromagnetic waves all have the same speed in what medium? | A vacuum |
The angle of incidence= | The angle of reflection |
Does sound travel faster or slower in mediums such as steel than in air? | Faster |
H20 is... | A compound |
For most waves a temperature increase makes the speed... | Faster |
As water evaporates from a surface the temperature of the surface... | Stays the same |
How does salt melt ice or snow on sidewalks? | It lowers the melting point |