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Chemistry Midterm
A stack to study for my science midterm on the chemistry unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What charge does a neutron have? | No charge |
| What charge does an electron have? | Negative charge |
| What charge does a proton have? | Positive charge |
| What is in the nucleus of an atom? | Protons and neutrons |
| The nucleus of an atom is what compared to the rest of the atom? | Very small |
| What is the formula for atomic mass? | Protons+Neutrons |
| What are isotopes? | Atoms that have different numbers of neutrons than the periodic table suggests |
| Rows on the periodic table are called... | Periods |
| Columns on the periodic table are called... | Groups |
| What are the six flavors of quarks? | Up, down, strange, charmed, top, bottom |
| Metals are good conductors of what? | Heat and electricity |
| What does it mean to be malleable? | It (a metal) can be bent and pounded into lots of shapes |
| What does it mean to be ductile? | It (a metal) can be drawn into wires without breaking |
| What is a compound? | A substance whose smallest unit is made up of more than one element bonded together |
| What is a mixture? | When two or more substances come together but don't combine to make a new substance |
| Ionic bonding occurs between what kinds of elements? | Metals and nonmetals |
| Covalent bonding occurs between what kinds of elements? | Two nonmetals |
| What is a physical property? | A characteristic of a material that can be observes or measured without changing the identity of the material |
| Which state of matter has a fixed position and particles close together? | Solid |
| Which state of matter has particles moving fast enough that they can move past each other so the matter can take the shape of the container? | Liquid |
| Which state of matter has particles moving fast and freely so that they take up as much space as possible? | Gas |
| The phase change of liquid to solid is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Freezing; Release |
| The phase change of solid to liquid is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Melting; Absorb |
| The phase change of liquid to gas is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Evaporation; Absorb |
| The phase change of gas to liquid is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Condensation; Release |
| The phase change of gas to solid is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Sublimation; Release |
| The phase change of solid to gas is called what and does it absorb or release energy? | Deposition; Absorb |
| What does like dissolves like mean? | Polar solutes dissolve polar solvents and nonpolar solutes dissolve nonpolar solvents |
| Polar bonds are... | Assymetrical |
| Nonpolar bonds are... | Symmetrical |
| In liquid-solid solutions when you increase temperature the sollubility... | Increases |
| In liquid-gas solutions when you increase temperature the sollubility... | Descreases |
| What are acids? | Substances that release positive hydrogen ions, hydonium ions |
| What are bases? | Substances that accept hydrogen ions and when when combined with water releases hydroxide ions, OH- |
| Acids have a pH that is... | Below 7 |
| Bases have a pH that is... | Above 7 |
| Water has a pH of... | 7 |
| What is a chemical reaction? | A process that produces a chemical change? |
| What is the law of conservation of mass? | The mass of the products must be the same as the mass of the reactants |
| What are waves? | A disturbance that moves through matter or space and move energy from one place to another |
| What mediums can mechanical waves move through? | Only through matter |
| What are the two types of mechanical waves? | Transverse and Compressional (longitudinal) |
| Transverse waves move matter at what angle to the direction in which the wave travels? | Right angle |
| Compressional waves move matter in what direction compared to the direction in which the wave travels? | The same direction |
| What are the places where the wave is squeezed together called? | Compressions |
| What are the places where the wave is spread apart called? | Rarefactions |
| The compressions and rarefactions travel along the matter but the matter only moves... | Back and forth |
| What are electromagnetic waves? | Transverse waves that can travel through matter or empty space |
| What are wavelengths? | The distance between two crests or troughs |
| What is frequency? | The number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second |
| What is the human perception of sound frequency? | Pitch |
| What is amplitude (transverse waves)? | The distance between a waves crest and trough divided by two |
| What is amplitude (compressional waves)? | It depends on the density of the compressions and rarefactions |
| The more energy a wave has, the larger its... | Amplitude |
| Amplitude is an indication of what? | Energy |
| What is the formula for wave speed? | Wave speed= Wavelength x Frequency |
| Wave speed depends on what? | The medium the wave is traveling through |
| What is the crest of a wave? | The highest part of the transverse wave |
| What is the trough of a wave? | The lowest part of a transverse wave |
| When waves travel from one material to another they change... | Direction |
| What is it called when waves bounce off of surfaces? | Reflect |
| What is it called when waves change directions? | Refract |
| What is it called when waves bend around obstacles? | Diffract |
| What is the angle of incidence? | The angle between the normal line and the incident ray? |
| What is the angle of reflection? | The angle between the normal line of the reflected ray |
| What is the law of reflection? | The angle of incidence= the angle of reflection |
| Sound waves are what kind of waves? | Compressional wave |
| What mediums can sound waves travel through? | Only matter |
| The speed of sound waves depends on what? | The matter that it's traveling through |
| What is a waves intensity? | The amount of energy a wave carries past a certain area each second |
| What is the relationship of the distance you are to the origin of the sound and its intensity? | The closer you are to the origin of a sound, the greater the intensity |
| The measurement of intensity is... | Decibels |
| Greater intensity= greater... | Amplitude |
| What is how we perceive intensity? | Loudness |
| What are electromagnetic waves? | Waves that travel through matter or empty space |
| All electromagnetic waves are... | Transverse |
| Infared waves are what in relation to visible light? | Slightly longer than visible light |
| White light is... | A combination of every colour |
| Ultraviolet waves are what in relation to visible light? | Slightly shorter than visible light |
| What are H+ ions called? | Hydronium Ions |
| What form of energy is sound? | Mechanical |
| Which colour on the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength? | Red |
| Which colour on the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength? | Violet |
| What is sublimation? | The phase change from solid to gas |
| What is deposition? | The phase change from gas to solid |
| Electromagnetic waves all have the same speed in what medium? | A vacuum |
| The angle of incidence= | The angle of reflection |
| Does sound travel faster or slower in mediums such as steel than in air? | Faster |
| H20 is... | A compound |
| For most waves a temperature increase makes the speed... | Faster |
| As water evaporates from a surface the temperature of the surface... | Stays the same |
| How does salt melt ice or snow on sidewalks? | It lowers the melting point |
Created by:
lopiegabby
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