Term | Definition |
Proton | positively charged sub-atomic particle at the nucleus of an atom |
neutron | subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom. neutrally charged |
electron | negatively charged sub-atomic particle that revolves around the nucleus in an electron cloud. |
nucleus | the center of an atom |
isotope | each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nucleus |
mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. |
synthesis reaction | When 2 or more compounds combine |
decomposition reaction | the separation of a chemical compound into elements or simpler compounds. |
combustion reation | A chemical reaction is any process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances |
single replacment | one element replaces another element in a compound. There are tw |
double replacment | A chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between compounds |
endothermic | A process that absorbs heat from the surroundings |
potential energy | the amount of energy given to something due to it's shape or position. |
noble gases | any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, occupying Group 0 (18) of the periodic table. |
halogens | Non metal group in 7A of the periodic table |
transition metals | MetalsMetals that are ductile and malleable and conduct heat and electricity. |
alkaline metals | The alkaline earth metals are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). |
alkali metals | very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature |
ion | An atom with more electrons the protons |
cation | a positively charged ion, |
anion | Negatively charged ion |
compound | a combination of two or more molecules |
element | comprised of a single type of atom |
mixture | material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. |
polyatomic ion | composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded |
exothermic | (of a reaction or process) accompanied by the release of heat. |
precipitate | cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution. |
mole | The mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance |
molar mass | mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by its amount of substance |
molarity | amount-of-substance concentration, amount concentration, substance concentration, or simply concentration. |
atomic mass | The protons and neutrons account for almost all of the mass of an atom. |
limiting reagent | The reactant in a chemical reaction that limits the amount of product that can be formed. |
excess reagent | The reactant in a chemical reaction that remains when a reaction stops when the limiting reactant is completely consumed |