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Honors Chemistry
Cards for Honors Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Proton | positively charged sub-atomic particle at the nucleus of an atom |
| neutron | subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom. neutrally charged |
| electron | negatively charged sub-atomic particle that revolves around the nucleus in an electron cloud. |
| nucleus | the center of an atom |
| isotope | each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nucleus |
| mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. |
| synthesis reaction | When 2 or more compounds combine |
| decomposition reaction | the separation of a chemical compound into elements or simpler compounds. |
| combustion reation | A chemical reaction is any process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances |
| single replacment | one element replaces another element in a compound. There are tw |
| double replacment | A chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between compounds |
| endothermic | A process that absorbs heat from the surroundings |
| potential energy | the amount of energy given to something due to it's shape or position. |
| noble gases | any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, occupying Group 0 (18) of the periodic table. |
| halogens | Non metal group in 7A of the periodic table |
| transition metals | MetalsMetals that are ductile and malleable and conduct heat and electricity. |
| alkaline metals | The alkaline earth metals are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). |
| alkali metals | very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature |
| ion | An atom with more electrons the protons |
| cation | a positively charged ion, |
| anion | Negatively charged ion |
| compound | a combination of two or more molecules |
| element | comprised of a single type of atom |
| mixture | material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. |
| polyatomic ion | composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded |
| exothermic | (of a reaction or process) accompanied by the release of heat. |
| precipitate | cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution. |
| mole | The mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance |
| molar mass | mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by its amount of substance |
| molarity | amount-of-substance concentration, amount concentration, substance concentration, or simply concentration. |
| atomic mass | The protons and neutrons account for almost all of the mass of an atom. |
| limiting reagent | The reactant in a chemical reaction that limits the amount of product that can be formed. |
| excess reagent | The reactant in a chemical reaction that remains when a reaction stops when the limiting reactant is completely consumed |
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mrrainesscience
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