Question | Answer |
Atom | Building blocks of matter; made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
Proton | Positive charge; found in nucleus |
Neutron | No charge; found in nucleus |
Electron | Negative charge; found in energy levels around the nucleus |
Atomic Mass | Equal to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
Atomic Number | The number of protons (+) and electrons (-) in an atom |
Bohr Diagram | Shows all electrons in an atom using a "bulls-eye" diagram |
Family | A group or column in the periodic table; such as Alkali Metals or Halogens |
Energy level | Surround the nucleus; contains electrons |
Leptons | A subatomic particle such as an electron |
Isotope | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons; such as C-12, C-13, & C-14 |
Metal | Elements found on the left-side of the periodic table; good conductors of heat and electricity |
Metalloid | An element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals |
Nonmetal | Elements found on the right side of the periodic table that are poor conductors of electricity and heat |
Lewis Structure | Shows the number of valence electrons in an atom; also called electron-dot diagram |
Quark | Makes up protons and neutrons; connected by gluons |
Period | Rows in the periodic table; have the same number of energy levels |
Nucleus | Center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons |
Periodic Table | Chart that shows the periodic properties of the elements; elements arranged by increasing atomic number |
Valence | Electrons found in the outermost energy level |
Chemical Symbol | Letter or letters that represent an element, such as H or He |
Compound | Two or more substances that are chemically combined, such as H20 (water) and NaCl (salt) |
Mixture | Two or more substances that are not chemically combined, such as milk or lemonade |
Matter | Anything that has mass and volume |
Chemical Property | Used to describe how a substance will react with other substances |
Physical Property | Used to describe the physical characteristics of matter, such as size, shape, color, texture, conductivity, phase |
Chemical Change | Also called a chemical reaction; results in the creation of a new substance |
Physical Change | Change in size, shape, state, or other physical property of a substance; still the same substance after the change |
Monomers | Molecules that are linked together to make a polymer; such as amino acids in proteins |
Polymer | Made up of monomers; such as DNA, proteins, and cotton |
Petrochemicals | Chemicals made from petroleum; used to make synthetic polymers (plastics) |
Ion | An atom that has lost or gained electrons |
Ionic Bond | Bond between a metal and a nonmetal that involves a transfer of electrons |
Covalent Bond | Bond between two nonmetals that involves the sharing of electrons |
Reactants | Substances that enter into a chemical reaction; appear before the arrow |
Products | Substances that are produced during a chemical reaction; appear after the arrow |
Conservation of Mass | Law that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction |
Oxidation Number | The number of electrons an atom may lose or gain, such as 1+ or 1- |
Chemical Equations | Represent chemical reactions, such as 2Mg + O2 --> 2MgO |
Chemical Formulas | Represent chemical compounds, such as H2O or MgO |