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Chemistry
Vocabulary from the chemistry unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | Building blocks of matter; made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Proton | Positive charge; found in nucleus |
| Neutron | No charge; found in nucleus |
| Electron | Negative charge; found in energy levels around the nucleus |
| Atomic Mass | Equal to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons (+) and electrons (-) in an atom |
| Bohr Diagram | Shows all electrons in an atom using a "bulls-eye" diagram |
| Family | A group or column in the periodic table; such as Alkali Metals or Halogens |
| Energy level | Surround the nucleus; contains electrons |
| Leptons | A subatomic particle such as an electron |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons; such as C-12, C-13, & C-14 |
| Metal | Elements found on the left-side of the periodic table; good conductors of heat and electricity |
| Metalloid | An element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals |
| Nonmetal | Elements found on the right side of the periodic table that are poor conductors of electricity and heat |
| Lewis Structure | Shows the number of valence electrons in an atom; also called electron-dot diagram |
| Quark | Makes up protons and neutrons; connected by gluons |
| Period | Rows in the periodic table; have the same number of energy levels |
| Nucleus | Center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons |
| Periodic Table | Chart that shows the periodic properties of the elements; elements arranged by increasing atomic number |
| Valence | Electrons found in the outermost energy level |
| Chemical Symbol | Letter or letters that represent an element, such as H or He |
| Compound | Two or more substances that are chemically combined, such as H20 (water) and NaCl (salt) |
| Mixture | Two or more substances that are not chemically combined, such as milk or lemonade |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and volume |
| Chemical Property | Used to describe how a substance will react with other substances |
| Physical Property | Used to describe the physical characteristics of matter, such as size, shape, color, texture, conductivity, phase |
| Chemical Change | Also called a chemical reaction; results in the creation of a new substance |
| Physical Change | Change in size, shape, state, or other physical property of a substance; still the same substance after the change |
| Monomers | Molecules that are linked together to make a polymer; such as amino acids in proteins |
| Polymer | Made up of monomers; such as DNA, proteins, and cotton |
| Petrochemicals | Chemicals made from petroleum; used to make synthetic polymers (plastics) |
| Ion | An atom that has lost or gained electrons |
| Ionic Bond | Bond between a metal and a nonmetal that involves a transfer of electrons |
| Covalent Bond | Bond between two nonmetals that involves the sharing of electrons |
| Reactants | Substances that enter into a chemical reaction; appear before the arrow |
| Products | Substances that are produced during a chemical reaction; appear after the arrow |
| Conservation of Mass | Law that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction |
| Oxidation Number | The number of electrons an atom may lose or gain, such as 1+ or 1- |
| Chemical Equations | Represent chemical reactions, such as 2Mg + O2 --> 2MgO |
| Chemical Formulas | Represent chemical compounds, such as H2O or MgO |
Created by:
ttomm
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