Question | Answer |
altitude | the distance from one side of a polygon to the vertex farthest from that side of the polygonthe shortest distance between the base of a geometric figure and the “top” of the figure; the “top” may be an apex, vertex, or another base |
area | the measure of the interior region of a two-dimensional figure The area of a polygon in the coordinate plane is a positive number such that: The area of the unit square is one;•Congruent polygons have equal areas;•If a polygon is a union of two or mo |
term | parts of an expression separated by + or - signs |
transformations | operations that alter the location or form of a figure |
translation | a transformation in which a geometric figure is moved to another location without changing its size (isometry) or orientation |
theoretical probability | the ratio of the number of exppected outcomes if the experiment is repeated over and over; P (E); |
trapezoid | a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides |
variable | a symbolic representation used to denote a quanitity or expression |
vertical angles | angles formed by intersecting line. vertical angles have a common vertex and are congruent |
volume | the total amount of space inside a three-dimensional object. Volume is measured in cubic units. |
whole numbers | non-negative integers |
polygon | a simple, closed, plane figure with three or more sides that are line segments |
polyhedron | s three-dimensional geometric figure with polygonal faces |
prime number | a natural number with exactly two factors (itself and one) |
prism | a polyhedron with two, parallel, polygonal bases |
proportion | a statement of equality between ratios |
pyramid | a polyhedron with a polygonal base, triangular faces and a vertex |
Pythagorean Theorem | a theorem defining the relationship between the lengths of the three sides of a right trainalge |
quadrilateral | a polygon with four sides |
ratio | a comparison of any two quantities; may be expressed as a:b or a to b or a/b |
quartile | any of the three values which divide the sorted data set into four equal parts so that each part represents 1/4 of the sampled population. |
rational numbers | the set of numbers that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers |
rectangle | a parallelogram with one right angle; a square is a special case of a rectangle with four congruent sides |
reflection | a transformationin which all points |
relation | a rule that pairs each element in one set(the domain) with one or more elements in another set (the range) |
rhomus | a parallelogram with four congruent sides |
rotation | a transformation in which all points under the transformation are turned through an angle of rotation about a center of rotation |
sample space | the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment |
scatter plot | a graph of paired data in which the data values are plotted as points in (x,y) format |
scientific notation | a standardized way of writing real numbers |
similar | having the same shape but not necessarily the same size |
simple interest | a method of computing interest |
square root | a nonnegative nubmer that must be multiplied by itself to equal a given number |
square | a parallelogram with one right angle and four congruent sides |
stem-and-leaf plot | a simple way to display the distribution of data |
supplementary angles | two angles with measures adding to 180 degrees |
surface area | the total area of the exterior of a three-dimensional geometric figure; |
set | a group of numbers, variables, geometric figures or anything else |
divisible | capable of being divided by a number (a factor) so that there is a remainder of zero |
dimensions (of a matrix) | number of rows and the number of columns of a matrix, written r x c |
domain | in a function f(x), the possible values for x: the set of values for the independent variable for which a function or relation is define |
edge | a line segment formed by the intersection of two faces (planes) that comprise part of a polyhedron |
arithmetic sequence | a set of numbers arranged so that the difference between any two consectutive numbers is the same |
box-and-whisker plot | a visual dispaly of the five number summary (Q1,Q2,Q3, minimum, maximum) of a set of data |
center of rotation | the fixed point around which a geometric figure is rotated or turned |
circle graph | a graph that shows a circle divided into sectors in order to compare different parts of a data set to each other or to the entire set |
coefficient | a numberical factor in a term containing variables |
circumference | the distance around a circle |
common factor | an integer that is a factor of two or more numbers |
complementary angles | any two angles such that the sum of their measures is 90 degress |
comoposite number | any whole number with more than two factors |
cone | a three-dimensional figure that consists of a circular face (the base), a point not in the plane of the base (the vertix), and a lateral surface that connects the vertex to each point on the boundary of the base |
congruent figures | two or more geometric figures tht have the same size and shape |
coordinate plane | a two-dimensional system in which a location is described by its distances from two perpendicular reference lines (axes) The horizontal axis is the x-axis and the vertical axis is the y-axis. |
cylinder | a three-dimensional figure that consists of two paralletl, congruent, circular regions (bases) and a lateral surface that connects the boundaries of the bases |
decagon | a polygon with ten (10) sides |
dependent variable | the values that change in relationship to each other. |
diagonal | a line segment between non-consecutive vertices in a polygon |
diameter | a chord that contains the center of a circle |
dilation | a transformation in which a figure grows larger. dilations may be with respect to a point or an axis related to the graph of a geometric figure |
isosceles triangle | a triangle with at least two congruent sides |
linear equation | an equation of degree 1; graph is aline; shows a relationship between two variables; an equation of the form y = mx + b where a and b are real numbers |
matrix | a set of numbers in a rectuangluar dispaly with rows and columns |
mean | a measure of central tendency which is affect4ed by all data points; calculated by finding the sum of the data values and dividing by the number of data points |
mode | a measure of central tendency that is the most frequently occurring value |
measures of central tendency | descriptive statistics that describe the center of the data set; mean, mediam, mode |
nonagon | a polygon with nine sides |
natural numbers | the coutning numbers, the positive whole numbers; a positive integer |
octagon | a polygon with eight sides |
odd integer | any integer that, when divided by 2, does not have an integer as the quotient |
ordered pair | a pair of number used to locate a point in a coordiante plane |
origin | in a coordinate plane, the point at the intersection of the x and y axes |
outlier | any value in a set of data that is notabley farther from the mean than the other data |
outcome | in a probability experiment, the result of an event |
pentagon | a polygon with five sides |
perfect square | any natural nubmer that can be expressed as a natural number multiplied by itself |
percent | per cent means per one hundred; a special ratio in which the denominator is always 100 |
parallelogram | any quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel |
perimeter | the distance around a geometric figure |
pi | the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter; approximatley 22/7 or diceimal approximation 3.14 |
perpendicular lines | two lines that intersect to form right angles |
plane figures | geometric figures that exist in two dimensions (a plane) |
geometric sequence | a set of numbers arrnaged so that the ratio between any two consecutive sequence elements is constant |
greatest common factor | the greatest number that is a factor of two or more numbers |
height | the perpendicular distance between two geometric objects |
heptagon | a polygon with seven sides; also called a septagon |
hexagon | a polygon with six sides |
histogram | a graph with bars used to dispaly categorical data; the categories are consecutive, numerical and in equal intervals; |
hypotenuse | in any right triangle, the side opposite the right angle; the hypotenuse is always the longest side of the right triangle because it is opposite the angle of greatest measure (90 degrees) |
independent variable | refer to values that change in relationship to each other |
integer | the set of whole numbers and their opposites |
inequality | a mathematical sentence that compares two expressions that may or may not be equivalent |
interquartile range | the difference between the numeric values representing the 75th and 25th percentiles |
irrational numbers | a number that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers; when written as a decimal, the digits of an irrational number neither terminte nor repeat |
equation | a mathematical statement that two or more expressions are equivalent |
equilateral triangle | a trinalge with three congruent sides and three congruent angles; each angle measures 60 degrees |
equivlent | equal in value |
even integer | an integer that is a nultiple of 2 |
expression | a combination of variables, numbers, and/or operations that represents a mathematical relationship but no statement of equality or inequality |
exponent | a number that indicates how many tiems the base is used as a factor |
face | a polygon that forms one of the flat surfaces of polyhedron |
experimental probability | a statement of probability based on the results of a series of actual trials |
factor | a number or expression that is mulitpled by one or more other numbers or expressions to yield a produce |
frequency distribution | a list of values a varialbe assumes in a sample; |
formula | an equation that shows the relationship between two or more quantities; often in the form of a mathematical rule |
Fundamental Counting Principle | if there are M ways to do one thing, and N ways to do another, then there are MxN wyas of doing both. The fundamental counting principle in the guiding rule for finding the number of ways to accomplish two tasks. |