Term | Definition |
Speech Disorder | People who struggle producing sounds. It is also known as a voice disorder, where they may go hoarse and struggle with fluency of speech. |
Language Disorder | This is when people have trouble receiving, understanding, or formulating ideas. |
Receptive Language Disorder | People who struggle with this struggle with receiving or understanding information. |
Expressive Language Disorder | People who struggle with this struggle with formulating ideas and information. |
Cleft Palate/Lip | A facial deformity in which someones upper lip or palate has a split. |
Dialect | A different type of language that different groups of people use that reflects religion, social factors, cultural factors, or ethnic factors. |
Speech | What we say, oral expression of language. |
Language | Form of communication across the world, composed of five things; phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. |
Phonology | When we use sounds to produce meaningful syllables and words. |
Phonemes | The sequencing of individual speech sounds. |
Morphology | The structure of words. |
Morpheme | Smallest meaningful unit of speech. |
Syntax | The rules that we use to formulate our sentences. |
Semantics | The meaning of the word that is expressed. |
Pragmatics | The use of communication in contexts. This is the organizer for language. |
Social Interaction Theories | Stresses that communication skills are learned through social interactions. |
Articulation Disorders | Most frequent communication disorders in preschool to school-aged children. |
Articulation | A persons production of individual or sequenced sounds. |
Substitutions | This is when a child replaces one letter with another when speaking. For example, wabbit instead or rabbit. |
Omissions | This is when a child leaves a phoneme out of a word. For example, boo instead of blue. |
Additions | This is when a child puts a vowel between two consonants. For example, tahree instead of tree. |
Distortions | This is the modification of the production of a phoneme in a word. |
Apraxia | This is a motor speech disorder which affects the way a student plans to produce speech. Childhood apraxia of speech --> CAS |
Pitch | Is determined by rate of vibration in vocal cords and is affected by the tension and size of vocal folds, health of larynx, and location of larynx. |
Duration | Length of time any speech sound requires. |
Intensity | Someones loudness or softness, is based off of how the listener perceives the sound. It also determined by the pressure of air that comes from the lungs through the vocal cords. |
Resonance | The perceived quality of someones voice, and it is determined by the way the tone is coming from the vocal folds and is modified by the space in the throat, mouth, and nose. |
Hypernasality | This is when air passes through the nasal cavity on sounds other than m, n, and ng. |
Hyponasality | This is when air cannot pass through the nose, but the mouth. |
Fluency | The rate and rhythm of speaking. |
Specific Language Impairment | This is an impairment not related to any physical or intellectual disability. |
Organic Disorders | Caused by and identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person. |
Functional Disorders | Has no identifiable organic or neurological cause. |
Congenital Disorder | A disorder that occurs at or before birth. |
Acquired Disorder | A disorder that occurs well after birth. |
Articulation Assessment | Evaluates a student's ability to produce speech sounds in single words, sentences and conversations. |
Oral Motor Exam | Is when you examine the appearance, strength, and range of motion of the lips, tongue, palate, teeth, and jaw. |
Voice Assessment | Evaluates voice problems and environmental factors that might affect voice quality, and typical voice use, such as pitch, intensity, and nasality. |
Fluency Assessment | Measures amount of dysfluency as well as the type and duration of dysfluencies while student is speaking. |
Bilingual | When someone uses two languages equally well. |
Bidialectal | When someone uses two variations of a language. |
System for Augmenting Language (SAL) | Focuses on augmented input of language. |