Term | Definition |
rows on periodic table | periods |
columns on periodic table | groups |
representative elements | valence electrons are in s and p subshells |
Nonrepresentative elements | includes transition elements; valence electrons are in d subshells too |
Atomic Radius trend | Period: decreases cuz elements hold on to their electrons tighter
Group: increases bcuz new outer layers make elements bigger |
Ionization E | E required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion |
Ionization E Trend | Period: increases cuz it gets harder to take an electron from the element since the electrons are more tightly bound
Group: decreases bcuz electrons are farther from nucleus making it easier to remove them |
Electron Affinity | the ease with which an atom can accept an electron |
Electron Affinity Trend | Period: Increases cuz halogens really want one more electron to fill octet
Group: |
Electronegativity | measure of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond |
Electronegativity Trend | Period: increases (F is most electronegative) cuz halogens really want extra electron to fill octet
Group: decreases |
malleability | ability of a metal to be hammered into shapes |
ductility | ability of a metal to be drawn into wires |
metals | on left side and in middle of PT; good heat/electricity conductors; electrons can be removed easily |
Nonmetals | right side of PT; poor conductors; high electronegativity and ionization E; gain electrons easily |
Metalloids | semimetals; B Si As Te Ge Sb |
Alkali | Group 1 metals; react with Halogens well, low electroneg, low IE, high atomic radius, 1 e- |
Alkaline | Group 2 metals; low electroneg and IE, smaller radius than alkali, 2 e- |
Halogens | Group 7, highly reactive, 7 e-, high electroneg and IE, small atomic radius |
Noble Gases | Group 8, nonreactive, full octets, no electroneg, super high IE |
Transition Metals | d-block, hard, high mp and bp, low IE, positive oxidation states |
Oxidation States | ability of an atom to oxidize/reduce another atom in chemical compound, related to e- gained, lost, or used |