Question | Answer |
DS: What does the FDA do? | postmarketing surveilance, but must prove a supp is harmful before they can remove from the market |
DS: What does the CFSAN do? | makes claims on products, labeling, inserts, promo materials |
DS: What does the FTC do? | advertising |
DS: What does misbranding mean? | claims to treat, cure or prevent disease |
DS: What does the Dietary supplement and nonprescription drug consumer protection act do? | (2006) requires manufacturers packers or distributors to submit reports of serious adverse effects based on specific info from the public |
DS: What are two dangerous herbs for hepatotoxicity? | borage and kava kava |
DS: what is one dangerous drug for cerdiotoxicity | bitter orange |
DS: What are some natural meds to be cautious of with anticoagulants/antiplatelets | feverfew, fish oil over 3g/day, ginko biloba, ginseng, vitamin E, hold peri procedures and drug interactions with warfarin, aspirin & clopidrogel |
DS: What are some natural meds to be cautious of with ragweed allergy? | echinacea and feverfew |
DS: What are some drug interactions with st johns wort | HIV drugs, immunosuppressants, warfarin, OCs, anticonvulsants, SSRIs, TCAs, sibutramine, triptans, antidepressants |
DS: Black cohosh - what is it used for? | menopause and hot flashes |
DS: Black cohosh - how long can it be used? | 6mo |
DS: Black cohosh - what are some precautions? | unsafe in pregnancy, lactation, history or risk of hormone sensitive cancer |
DS: Black cohosh - what are some drug interactions | hepatoxic products |
DS: Black cohosh - contraindications? | NONE |
DS: Fish Oil - what is it used for? | lower triglycerides, lower MI, lower mortality |
DS: Fish Oil - dose cautions? | dont take more than 3g a day |
DS: Fish Oil - what are the precautions? | may thin blood and reduce immune response |
DS: Fish Oil - what are some contraindications? | NONE |
DS: Fish Oil - are there any drug interactions? | NONE |
DS: Ginko Biloba - what is it used for? | memory improvement, and intermittent claudication (pain from too little circulation while exercising) |
DS: Ginko Biloba - whats the onset and how long is it safe? | 12 week onset, safe for a year |
DS: Ginko Biloba - what are some precautions? | none |
DS: Ginko Biloba - what are some contraindications? | diabetes, epilepsy and hemophelia |
DS: Ginko Biloba - what are some drug interactions? | anticoagulants and antiplatelets |
DS: Glucosamine/chindroitin - what is it used for? | OA treatment NOT PREVENTION |
DS: Glucosamine/chindroitin - onset and how long is it safe to use? | 6week onset and safe for 3 years |
DS: Glucosamine/chindroitin - what are some precautions? | shellfish allergy, prostate cancer, asthma exacerbation |
DS: Glucosamine/chindroitin - what are some contraindications? | none |
DS: Glucosamine/chindroitin - what are some drug interactions? | none |
DS: Psyllium - what is it used for? | lowers cholesterol |
DS: Psyllium - how long is it safe? | safe for long term use, take with lots of water! |
DS: Psyllium - what are some precautions, contraindications or drug interactions? | none |
DS: st john's wort - what is it used for? | mild depression |
DS: st john's wort - how long is it safe to use? | up to a year |
DS: st john's wort - precautions? | wear sunscreen |
DS: st john's wort - contraindications? | none |
DS: st john's wort - drug interactions? | HIV drugs, immunosuppressants, warfarin, anticonvulsants, SSRIs |
DS: cranberry - what is it used for? | prevent UTI not treat |
DS: cranberry - precautions? | diabetics, watch sugar content |
DS: cranberry - contraindications? | none |
DS: cranberry - drug interactions? | potential bleeding with warfarin |
DS: Echinacea - what is it for? | stimulate immune system to prevent colds |
DS: Echinacea - how long can it be used? | max of 8 months |
DS: Echinacea - precautions or DIs? | none |
DS: Echinacea - contraindications? | ragweed allergy, allergic rhinitis, HIV, autoimmune disorders, TB |
DS: Ginger - what is it used for? | nausea and vomiting |
DS: Ginger - dose max? | 4g |
DS: Ginger - precautions? | excessive amount may increase risk of bleeding |
DS: Ginger - contraindications? | none |
DS: Ginger - drug interactions | cautious of anticoagulants and antiplatelets |
DS: Ginsing - what is it for? | adaptogen(decreased sensitivity to stress) |
DS: Ginsing - precautions? | diabetes, cardiac conditions, birth defects, tetratogenic |
DS: Ginsing - contraindications? | none |
DS: Ginsing - drug interactions? | decrease warfarin effect, independently increase bleeding |
DS: Melatonin - what is it used for? | insomnia, sleep disorders and jet lag |
DS: Melatonin - precautions? | preg, kids, epilepsy |
DS: Melatonin - contraindications? | none |
DS: Melatonin - drug interactions? | pericardia, fluvoxamine, warfarin, ASA |
DS: SAMe - what is it used for? | OA and depression |
DS: SAMe - how long is it safe to use? | 2 years |
DS: SAMe - precautions? | could worsen parkinsons |
DS: SAMe - contrainications? | none |
DS: SAMe - drug interactions | antidepressants(theoretical) |
DS: saw palmetto - what is it used for? | BPH - benign prostatic hyperplasia |
DS: saw palmetto - how long is it safe to use? | 48 weeks |
DS: saw palmetto - precautions, contraindications, drug interactions? | none |
DS: valerian - what is it used for? | insomnia |
DS: valerian - onset? | 4weeks |
DS: valerian - precautions? | none |
DS: valerian - contraindications | pregnancy |
DS: valerian - drug interactions | additive sedation with hypnotics |
Vitamins: what is the daily dose for Vitamin B12 | 2.4 mcg/day |
Vitamins: What is the daily dose for folate? | 400 mcg/day or 1mg a day if youre pregnant |
Vitamins: What is the daily dose for calcium? | 1000 mg/day or 1200 mg/day for women over 50, patients with osteoperosis need between 1200 and 1500mg/day |
Vitamins: What is the daily dose for iron? | 8mg/day for men and 18mg/day for women |
Vitamins: What is the daily dose for vitamin D? | 600 IU a day |
Vitamins: what is the function of iron? | plays a role in oxygen transport, found mainly in hemoglobin or RBC and the rest is stored in the mucosa, liver, spleen and bone marrow |
Vitamins: What dietary source does iron come from? | Heme iron comes from meat and is well absorbed. Nonheme iron comes from enriched grains and dark green veggies, they're poorly absorbed |
Vitamins: how does one get an iron deficiency? what are the signs and symptoms? | major source of iron loss is blood loss (hemorrhage or menstruation). Signs and symptoms are pallor, easily fatigued, spoon shaped nails, sore tonge, angualr stomatitis, dyspnea on exertion, coldness/numbness of extremities |
Vitamins: What are some safety considerations with iron? | All iron products tend to irritate the GI mucosa and may cause nausea or abdominal pain. Iron should be initiated on an empty stomach. If stomach upset, take with a meal but it decreases absorption up to 50% |
Vitamins: what are some side effects of iron supplementation? | constipation, blackened stools |
Vitamins: when do you refer for a patient taking an iron supplement? | history of GI disease |
Vitamins: when might iron be toxic to an individual? | if they're an alcoholic, may poison children so they're required to be in a childproof package |
Vitamins: What can be taken with iron to increase absorption? | ascorbic acid, 200mg ascorbic acid for every 30mg iron. encourage fruit juice or juice high in vitamin C |
Vitamins: what can you take in combination with calcium to enhance bone health? | vitamin D and osteoperosis medications |
Vitamins: What is the chemical name for vitamin H? | Biotin |
Vitamins: What is the chemical name for vitamin B1 | thiamine |
Vitamins: What is the chemical name for vitamin B2 | Riboflavin |
Vitamins: What is the chemical name for vitamin B3? | Niacin |
Vitamins: What is the chemical name for vitamin B6 | Pyridoxine |
Vitamins: What is the chemical name for vitamin B12 | cyanocobalamin |
If a patient has choline deficiency, what are their symptoms? | not very well understood yet |
If a patient has a Calcium deficiency, what are their symptoms? | rickets in children, osteoperosis in adults, tetany, convulsions, mental and growth retardations, bone deformities |
If a patient has a vitamin H deficiency, what are their symptoms? | N/V, lassitude, muscle pain, anorexia, anemia, grayish color of skin, glossitis |
If a patient has a vitamin B2 deficiency, what are their symptoms? | blurred vision, watery eyes, sore eyes, cornea vascularization, stomatitis, seborrheic, dermatitis, magenta tongue |
If a patient has a vitamin B6 deficiency, what are their symptoms? | pellegra like dermititis, oral lesions, peripheral neuropathy, scaliness around nose, mouth, and eyes, convulsions, peripheral neuritis, anema |
If a patient has a pantothenic acid deficiency, what are their symptoms? | somnolence, fatigue, abdominal pain, parasthesia of hands, hyperflaxia, muscular weakness of legs |
If a patient has a niacin deficiency, what are their symptoms? | dermatitis, diarfhea, dementia, neuropathy, glossitis, somatitis, thicker or hyperpigmented skin on face and pressure points |
If a patient has a folic acid deficiency, what are their symptoms? | sore mouth, diarrhea, irritability, forgetfulness, anemia |
If a patient has a vitamin B12 deficiency, what are their symptoms? | anemia, glossitis, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, confusion, agitation, hallucinations, psychosis |
If a patient has a vitamin C deficiency, what are their symptoms? | fatigue, capillary hemorrhage, petechiae, slwollen or bleeding gums, bone changes, impaired wound healing, scurvy, weakening of collagenous structures |
If a patient has a vitamin K deficiency, what are their symptoms? | unusual bleeding, prolonged bleeding time, increased risk of fracture |
If a patient has a vitamin E deficiency, what are their symptoms? | peripheral neuropathy, intermittent claudication, muscle weakness, hemolytic anemia |
If a patient has a vitamin D deficiency, what are their symptoms? | abnormal calcium levels, rickets, osteoperosis, softened bone |
If a patient has a vitamin A deficiency, what are their symptoms? | night blindness, loss of appetite, impaired taste, smell and equalibrium, drying of the skin |
A patient should not take Choline if they are allergic to any of these foods | egg yolk, cereal, fish and meats |
A patient should not take vitamin H if they are allergic to any of these foods | liver, egg yolk, mushrooms, peanuts, milk, bananas, yeast, most veggies |
A patient should not take pantothenic acid if they are allergic to any of these foods | some is present in all foods so lol you die |
A patient should not take B1 if they are allergic to any of these foods | legumes, whole grain cereal or bread, pork or beef |
A patient should not take b2if they are allergic to any of these foods | meat, poultry, fish, dairy, leafy veggies, bread and eggs |
A patient should not take b3/niacin if they are allergic to any of these foods | lean meats, liver, poultry, eggs, peanuts, milk |
A patient should not take b6 if they are allergic to any of these foods | it comes from many sources so idk tbh |
A patient should not take b12 if they are allergic to any of these foods | animal protein |
A patient should not take folic acid if they are allergic to any of these foods | all natural foods like wheat, eggs, dry beans, fish and lentils |
A patient should not take vitamin C if they are allergic to any of these foods | fresh food cause its a vitamin in fruit |
A patient should not take vit K if they are allergic to any of these foods | green leafy veggies |
A patient should not take vitamin E if they are allergic to any of these foods | vegetable oils, nuts, green leafy veggies |
A patient should not take the D if they are allergic to any of these foods | Milk, fish, cheese (lol the D tho) |
A patient should not take viamin A if they are allergic to any of these foods | dark green veggies, red orange yellow veggies and fruit |
A patient should not take calcium if they are allergic to any of these foods | milk and juice |
Whats the function of choline? | biosynthesis of AcH, metabolism of lipids, treat fatty liver, abnormal fat metabolism |
Whats the function of vitamin H (biotin)? | required for various matabolic functions like carb, fat and amino acid metabolism |
Whats the function of pantothenic acid? | precursor of CoA from the b complex fam |
Whats the function of B1? | cofactors for enzymes that catalyze biochemical actions, makes AcetylCoA |
Whats the function of b2 (riboflavin)? | oxidation and reduction reactions, cellular growth and maintinance of vision mucous membranes, skin nails and hair |
Whats the function of Niacin (b3)? | can lower triglycerides and low density lipoprotein |
Whats the function of B6 (pyridoxine)? | heme production, treatment of carpel tunnel, PMS, depression and migraine |
Whats the function of B12? | bone marrow cell, CNS amd GI tract |
Whats the function of folic acid? | essential for growth and DNA synthesis |
Whats the function of vitamin C? | makes collagen, osteoids amd dentin, helps with iron absorption |
Whats the function of vit K? | promotes synthesis of clotting factors in the liver, bone mineralization |
Whats the function of vit E? | antioxidant, protects cellular membranes from damage |
Whats the function of vit D? | proper bone formation, mineral homeostasis, regulates calcium absorption in the body |
Whats the function of vit A? | essential for normal growth, reproduction, skeletal and tooth development, conjunctiva of eye and cornea |
Whats the function of calcium? | regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, component of bones and teeth, may decrease symptoms of PMS |
list the fat soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K |
list the water soluble vitamins | C, B2, B1, B6, B12, B3, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid and calcium |