Question | Answer |
DATE OF X-RAY DISCOVERY | NOV. 8, 1895 |
WHO DISCOVERED X-RAY? | WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN |
WHAT WAS ROENTGEN'S B-DAY AND BIRTHPLACE? | MARCH 27, 1845 PRUSSIA |
ROENTGEN STUDIED PHYSICS AT POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL IN ______________? | ZURICH |
HE BECAME PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS IN WHAT FOUR COUNTRIES? | STRASBOURG, GEISSEN, WURZBURG, AND MUNICH |
ROENTGEN DISCOVERED XRAY IN HIS PHYSICS LAB AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ____________? | WURZBURG |
ROENTGEN ACCIDENTLY DISCOVERED XRAYS WHILE EXPERIMENTING WITH ________________? | A CROOKES TUBE COVERED W/BLACK PAPER. |
WHAT GAVE OFF VISIBLE LIGHT EACH TIME THE TUBE WAS ENERGIZED? | BARIUM PLATINOCYANIDE CRYSTALS. |
ROENTGEN FIRST NAMED THIS UNKNOWN SOURCE WHAT? | "X-STRAHLEN" X- MEANING UNKNOWN QUANTITY AND STRAHLEN MEANING RAY--TERM USED TO IDENTIFY ENERGY. |
DURING A SPEECH TO A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS, ROENTGEN PRODUCED AND X-RAY OF WHAT BODY PART AND WHAT WAS THE NAME OF HIS COLLEAGE? | HAND, DR. VON KOLLIKER |
ROENTGEN PUBLISHED HOW MANY SHORT PAPERS? | THREE |
WHAT WAS THE TITLE OF ROENTGEN'S FIRST PAPER? | "ON A NEW KIND OF RAY" |
WHEN AND WHERE DID ROENTGEN DIE AND AT WHAT AGE? | FEB-10-, MUNICH, 78 YRS. OLD. |
ROENTGEN WAS AWARDED THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS ON HIS DISCOVERY OF X-RAYS DURING WHAT YEAR? | 1901 |
PHYSICS | STUDY OF MATTER AND ENERGY E=MC^2 |
RADIOLOGIC PHYSICS | STUDY OF MATTER AND ENERGY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO IONIZING RADIATION. |
RADIATION | ENERGY MOVING THROUGH SPACE |
ENERGY | ABILITY TO DO WORK |
WORK IS DONE WHEN____________ | A FORCE SUCH AS A PUSH/PULL IS APPLIED TO AN OBJECT TO MOVE. |
IF RADIATION IS ENERGY, AND ENERGY CAN DO WORK, THEN RADIATION HAS THE ABILITY TO________ | MAKE THINGS WORK AT AN ATOMIC LEVEL |
STANDARD UNITS OF MEASUREMENT HAVE TWO CATEGORIES____________ AND ___________ | FUNDAMENTAL UNITSDERIVED UNITS |
FUNDAMENTAL UNITS (BASIC) ARE USED TO MEASURE THREE DIFFERENT THINGS: | LENGTH, MASS, AND TIME. |
LENGTH: | DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS |
MASS: | AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE (ATOMS) CONTAINED IN AN OBJECT |
TIME: | THE LENTH OF DURATION OF AN EVENT |
DERIVED UNITS ARE UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS WHICH ARE ___________ OF THE FUNDAMENTAL UNITS | PRODUCTS |
SIX IMPORTANT DERIVED UNITS IN RADIOLOGIC PHYSICS: | AREA, VOLUME, DENSITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY, TEMPERATURE, AND MECHANICS |
AREA: | MEASURE OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE EXPRESSED IN SQUARE UNITS. (L X W) |
VOLUME: | MEASURE OF THE CAPACITY OF A THREE DIMENSIONAL CONTAINER EXPRESSED IN CUBIC UNITS. |
DENSITY: | MEASURE OF MASS (AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE PER UNIT OF VOLUME OF THAT SUBSTANCE) |
DENSITY MEASURES THE ___________ OF THE PARTICLES WHICH MAKE UP THAT SUBSTANCE | COMPACTNESS |
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: | THE RATIO OF THE DENSITY OF ANY MATERIAL TO THE DENSITY OF WATER. |
DENSITY OF WATER | 1.00 |
IF A SUBSTANCE HAS A SPECIFIC GRAVITY LESS THAN 1.00 IT WILL________ ON WATER. | FLOAT (FOAM PEANUTS ABOVE WATER) |
IF A SUBSTANCE HAS A SPECIFIC GRAVITY GREATER THAN 1.00 IT WILL____________IN WATER. | SINK (LEAD PELLETS) |
TEMPERATURE: | MEASURE OF AVG. ENERGY MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES WITHIN MATTER |
AS TEMP INCREASES, DO THE PARTICLES MOVE AROUND MORE RAPIDLY OR LESS? | MORE RAPIDLY |
AS TEMP DECREASES, DO THE PARTICLES MOVE AROUND MORE RAPIDLY OR LESS? | LESS |
THERMOMETER IS CALIBRATED AT WHAT TWO POINTS? | FREEZING POINT OF WATERBOILING POINT OF WATER |
THREE BASIC SCALES ARE USED TO MEASURE TEMP: | FARENHEITCELSIUS (CENTIGRADE)KELVIN (EXTREME HEAT) |
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION FORMULA | F-32=1.8C |
HEAT: | ENERGY ASSOCIATED W/ THE MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES WITHIN AN OBJECT. |
UNIT OF HEAT: | CALORIE |
ONE CALORIES IS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT NECESSARY TO RAISE ______ BY ____________. | ONE GRAM OF WATER, ONE DEGREE CELSIUS. |
HEAT CAN BE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER BY: | CONDUCTIONCONVECTIONTHERMAL RADIATION |
HEAT CONDUCTION: | TRANSFER OF HEAT BY PARTICLE MOTION FROM A SOLID OF HIGHER TEMP TO A SOLID OF LOWER TEMP. |
HEAT CONVECTION: | TRANSFER OF HEAT BY PARTICLE MOTION FROM A LIQUID OR GAS OF HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO A LIQUID OR GAS OF LOWER TEMPERATURE. |
THERMAL RADIATION: | TRANSFER OF HEAT THROUGH SPACE BY THE EMISSION OF INFRARED RADIATION |
PART OF PHYSICS THAT DEALS WITH MOVEMENT | MECHANICS |
TWO DERIVED UNITS USED TO MEASURE THE MOVEMENT RATE: | VELOCITYACCELERATION |
VELOCITY | RATE OF CHANGE OF POSITION W/ TIME.V=D/T (60MILES PER HOUR) |
ACCELERATION: | RATE OF CHANGE OF VELOCITY W/TIME |
FIRST LAW OF MOTION | OBJECT AT REST WILL REMAIN AT REST OR AN OBJECT IN MOTION WILL CONTINUE MOVING AT CONSTANT VELOCITY IN A STRAIGHT LINE UNLESS ACTED UPON BY AN EXTERNAL FORCE. |
THE FIRST LAW OF MOTION IS ALSO KNOWN AS: | LAW OF INERTIA |
SECOND LAW OF MOTION: | THE FORCE IS REQUIRED TO MOVE AN OBJECT IS EQUAL TO THE PRODUCT OF MASS OF AN OBJECT AND IT'S ACCELERATION. |
FORMULA OF FORCE: | F=M X A |
UNIT OF FORCE: | NEWTON (N) |
THIRD LAW | FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION |
WEIGHT | THE PULLING FORCE OF AN OBJECT CAUSED BY GRAVITY |
WORK W=FXD | PRODUCT OF FORCE AND DISTANCE |
UNIT OF WORK | JOULE (J) |
POWER P=W/T | RATE AT WHICH WORK IS DONE |
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY | ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED BUT ONLY CHANGED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER |
TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE IS... | CONSTANT |
UNITS OF ENERGY | -ELECTRON VOLT (EV)-JOULE (J) |
PRINCIPLE TYPES OF ENERGY: | ELECTRICAL, CHEMICAL, THERMAL, NUCLEAR, ELECTROMAGNETIC, MECHANICAL |
ELECTRICAL ENERGY | ENERGY PRODUCED BY MOVING ELECTRICAL CHARGES |
CHEMICAL ENERGY | ENERGY PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF A CHEMICAL REACTION |
THERMAL ENERGY | ENERGY OF HEAT |
NUCLEAR ENERGY | ENERGY RELEASED BY AN UNSTABLE ATOMIC NUCLEUS |
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY (X-RAY) | ENERGY CREATED FROM ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC DISTURBANCES. |
MECHANICAL ENERGY | ENERGY CREATED BY A MACHINE |
TYPES OF MECHANICAL ENERGY: | -KINETIC-POTENTIAL |
KINETIC ENERGY: | ENERGY IN MOTION |
POTENTIAL ENERGY: | ENERGY AT REST (ENERGY OF POSITION) |
FUNDAMENTAL UNITS AND DERIVED UNITS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER INTO... | SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT |
EACH SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THE THREE FUNDAMENTAL UNITS: | LENGTH, MASSS, TIME |
THREE SYSTEMS IMPORTANT IN RADIOLOGIC PHYSICS: | -BRITISH-METRIC-INTERNATIONAL |
BRITISH SYSTEM: | LENGTH:FOOTMASS: POUNDSTIME: SECOND |
METRIC SYSTEM HAS TWO VARIATIONS: | MKSCGS |
MKS SYSTEM | LENGTH: METERMASS: KILOGRAMTIME:SECOND |
CGS SYSTEM | LENGTH:CENTIMETERMASS: GRAMTIME:SECOND |
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (SI) | LENGTH: METERMASS: KILOGRAMTIME: SECOND (SAME AS MKS) |
MATTER: | ANYTHING THAT OCCUPIES SPACE AND HAS MASS |
SUBSTANCE | ANY MATTER WITH A DEFINITE AND CONSTANT COMPOSITION. (WATER) |
MOLECULE | SMALLEST PARTICLE OF A SUBSTANCE WITH ALL THE PROPERTIES OF THAT SUBSTANCE (H2O) |
MIXTURE: | ANY MATTER THAT DOES NOT HAVE A DEFINITE AND CONSTANT COMPOSITION (SWEET TEA) |
COMPOUND | CHEMICAL (PERMANENT) COMBO OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS. E.G. HYDROGEN + O2= WATER |
ELEMENT: | THE SIMPLEST FORM OF MATTER CONTAINING ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM. |
ALL ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT ARE... | IDENTICAL |
ATOM | SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT WITH ALL THE PROPERTIES OF THAT ELEMENT |
WHO TAUGHT THAT MATTER IS COMPOSED OF "ATOMOS" TINY INDIVISIBLE PARTICLES? | DEMOCRITUS |
WHO TAUGHT THAT MATTER IS COMPOSED OF VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF FOUR BASIC SUBSTANCES? EARTH, FIRE, AIR, WATER | ARISTOTLE |
DEMOCRITUS AND ARISTOTLE TAUGHT DURING WHAT TIME PERIOD? | 300 B.C. |
ARISTOTLE'S MODEL IS CALLED WHAT MODEL? | MEDIEVAL MODEL |
WHO CAME UP WITH THE HOOK AND EYE MODEL? | JOHN DALTON 1808 |
WHO CAME UP WITH THE PLUM PUDDING MODEL? | JOSEPH J. THOMSON 1893 |
THE PLUMS ARE LIKE...IN A ....LIKE MASS | NEGATIVE ELECTRONS, STICKY POSITIVE LIKE PUDDING |
WHO CAME UP WITH NUCLEAR MODEL? | ERNEST RUTHERFORD 1911 |
WHAT IS THE NUCLEAR MODEL? | ATOMS HAVE A POSITIVE CENTRAL CORE CALLED THE NUCLEUS SURROUNDED BY A CLOUD OF NEGATIVE ELECTRONS |
NEILS BOHR 1913 | SOLAR SYSTEM MODEL, (MINIATURE SOLAR SYSTEM) |
STANDARD MODEL: CURRENT | -ATOM HAS + NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS CONTAINS MORE THAN 99% OF MASS-LAYERS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY (SHELLS) SURROUND NUCLEUS-ATOM IS NEUTRAL -EACH ATOM IS MADE FROM SMALLER UNITS OF MATTER CALLED SUBATOMIC PARTICLES. |
ATOMIC STRUCTURE HAS TWO PARTS: | -NUCLEUS-SHELL SYSTEM |
TWO ELEMENTS HAVE ONLY ONE SHELL | HYDROGEN AND HELIUM |
PARTICLES TRAVELING WITHIN THE SHELLS ARE CALLED... | ELECTRONS |
PATH FOLLOWED BY AN ELECTRON AS IT TRAVELS WITHIN A SHELL IS CALLED AN... | ORBITAL |
ORBITAL ELECTRON IS SYNONYMOUS WITH... | PLANETARY ELECTRON |