Question | Answer |
Reactants (+) form the... | Products |
Evidence of Chemical Reaction | Gas Evolution, Temperature Change, Color Change, Precipitation |
What changes the atoms from reactants to products? | Oxidation state |
The numbers in front of the element are called... | Stioichiometric Coefficents |
(s), (g), (l), & (aq) are what? | The compounds physical state |
What is the Law of the Conservation of Matter? | If the number of atoms are present in the reaction at the beginning till the end, amount of matter does not change |
Chemical equations must be balanced due to... | The matter conserved in a chemical reaction |
Both sides of the equation must be what? | EQUAL |
What is the difference of P4 and 4P in an equation? | |
In balancing a chemical equation, why are the reactant and product subscripts not changed? | |
What does the double arrows indicate? | Equilibrium |
Once equilibrium is achieved, there is no... | Net change in reactants or products |
Salts | Ionic Compounds (composed of nonmetals and metal element(s)) |
Acids | Produces H+ in water; example: HCl |
Bases | Produces OH- in water; example: NaOH |
Molecular Compounds | Covalent bonded atoms, not acids, bases, or salts |
What are molecular compounds? | Alcohols and Sugar |
Aqueous Solutions | Solute + Solvent |
3 types of Aqueous Solutions | Strong, Weak, and Non-Electrolytes |
Ions in solution are called... | Electrolytes |
Example of strong Electrolytes | HCl, CuCl2, NaCl |
Acetic acid | Weak electrolytes |
Water in a solution is the... | Solvent |
When writing a weak electrolyte in a solution... | One NEVER breaks it up into the corresponding ions |
Look over Weak electrolytes | |
What characterizes strong electrolytes? | Ions ONLY in solution |
What characterizes weak electrolytes? | Ions and molecules in solution |
What characterizes non electrolytes? | Molecules in solution |
Molecular Compounds molecules must be... | Polar |
Ionic compounds solubility is governed by | Solubility Rules |
Precipitation Reactions | An insoluble that forms and drops out of teh soluble |
4 Types of Reactions | Precipitation / Acid-base / Gas forming / Reduction and Oxidation |
Acid-base Neutralization | Acid reacts with a base to yield water |
Gas forming Reactions | Insoluble gas is formed |
Reduction and Oxidation Reaction | Electrons are transferred between reactants |
Exchange Reactions | Anions exchange places with cations |
Percipitate | Driving force in forming an insoluble solid |
Molecular Equation | Reactants, Products, Identifying states of matter |
Ionic Equation | All solubles are ions |
Net Ionic Equation | Cancel out any species that appear on either side of the equation |
Acid increases... | H+ concentration (aq) solution |
Base increases... | OH- concentration (aq) solution |
Memorize Acid Tables | - |
Nonmetals can or cannot form acids in aqueous solutions? | Can |
Oxidation | Losing electrons (reducing agents) |
Reduction | Gaining electrons (oxidizing agents) |