Question | Answer |
Takes up space and has volume (inertia) | matter |
How particles are packed into a material (d=m/v) | density |
how easily a material is hammered into shape | malleability |
how easily a material can be drawn into a wire | ductility |
Measures the ability of a material to conduct heat or electricty | conductivity |
Examples: flammable, reactive, corrosive, oxidizes | Chemical Properties |
Examples: shape, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, size, odor, color, ductility, malleability, density, conductivity | Physical Properties |
What type of change? change of temperature, gas formation, precipitation | Chemical Change |
different types of particles are visible | heterogeneous |
different types of particles are NOT visible | homogeneous |
a homogeneous mixture | solution |
made up of one type of particle | pure substance |
substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical means | elements |
smallest piece of an element made up of protons, neurons, electrons | atom |
He is considered __________ and not diatomic | monoatomic |
Molecules like H2, N2, O2 and all the halogens like Cl2 are ________________ molecules | diatomic |
S8 is an example of a _____________ molecule | polyatomic |
one or two letters that represent the name of an element | symbol |
two or more (same or different) atoms chemically bonded | molecules |
Molecules from two or more different elements chemically bonded (Earth Science: mineral) | compound |
Fe2O3 has _________ atoms | five |
Number in front of a formula which tells how many molecules or atoms | coefficient |
Number which tells how many atoms there are of a particular element in a formula | subscript |
Taking energy from the surroundings | Endothermic |
Giving energy to the surroundings | Exothermic |
The study of the conservation of energy | Thermodynamics |
Statement that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only change form | First law of thermodynamics |
The total amount of mass and energy remains constant (another name for 1st law of thermo) | Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy |
Statement that in any energy change, the amount of usable energy decreases | Second law of thermodynamics |
Degeneration, increase in randomness, increase in chaos refers to which statement | Second law of thermodynamics |
Energy of motion | kinetic energy |
Energy of position (or in bonds) | potential energy |
the measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles | temperature |
the measure of the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a sample | thermal energy |
thermal energy in motion | heat |
1000 calories | kilocalorie or Calorie |
Scale? water freezes at 32' and boils at 212' | Fahrenheit |
Scale? water freezes at 0' and boils at 100' | Celsius |
Scale? water freezes at 273K and boils at 373K | Kelvin |
-273K | Absolute zero |
Translation (straight), rotation (spin), and vibration | Three types of particle motion |
Theory that all particles are in motion | Kinetic Theory |
State of Matter? low energy, only vibrate, definite shape, definite volume, no appreciable compression | solid |
Sate of matter? more energy but still touching, can move around, definite volume, no definite shape, no appreciable compression | liquid |
state of matter? much kinetic energy, independent particles, no definite volume, no definite shape, compressible | gas |
State of matter? electrons are ripped away from the nucleus | plasma |
Phase change? gas to liquid | condensation |
Phase change? liquid to gas | vaporization |
Phase change? liquid to solid | freezing (solidification) |
Phase change? solid to liquid | melting |
Phase change? solid to gas | sublimation |
Phase change? gas to solid | deposition |
Matter near absolute zero | Bose-Einstein Condensate |
a charged atom | ion |
A change which may alter the physical properties of the substance but not the substance itself | physical change |
high-temperature state of matter where protons and neutrons are broken down into elementary particles | quark-gluon plasma |
Changes in the identify of a material | Chemical change |
Material that can be separated into two or more pure substances | Mixture |
Represents molecules or formula units that make up compounds | Chemical formula |
The portion of the universe under study | system |
Sum of the potential and kinetic energies | internal energy |
English botanist who first described Brownian motion while studying pollen grains under a microscope | Robert Brown |
Law that states it is impossible to reach absolute zero | The Third Law of Thermodynamics |
SI unit of measure for energy | joule |
the amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius | calorie |