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BJ Chem Ch 2 Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Takes up space and has volume (inertia) | matter |
| How particles are packed into a material (d=m/v) | density |
| how easily a material is hammered into shape | malleability |
| how easily a material can be drawn into a wire | ductility |
| Measures the ability of a material to conduct heat or electricty | conductivity |
| Examples: flammable, reactive, corrosive, oxidizes | Chemical Properties |
| Examples: shape, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, size, odor, color, ductility, malleability, density, conductivity | Physical Properties |
| What type of change? change of temperature, gas formation, precipitation | Chemical Change |
| different types of particles are visible | heterogeneous |
| different types of particles are NOT visible | homogeneous |
| a homogeneous mixture | solution |
| made up of one type of particle | pure substance |
| substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical means | elements |
| smallest piece of an element made up of protons, neurons, electrons | atom |
| He is considered __________ and not diatomic | monoatomic |
| Molecules like H2, N2, O2 and all the halogens like Cl2 are ________________ molecules | diatomic |
| S8 is an example of a _____________ molecule | polyatomic |
| one or two letters that represent the name of an element | symbol |
| two or more (same or different) atoms chemically bonded | molecules |
| Molecules from two or more different elements chemically bonded (Earth Science: mineral) | compound |
| Fe2O3 has _________ atoms | five |
| Number in front of a formula which tells how many molecules or atoms | coefficient |
| Number which tells how many atoms there are of a particular element in a formula | subscript |
| Taking energy from the surroundings | Endothermic |
| Giving energy to the surroundings | Exothermic |
| The study of the conservation of energy | Thermodynamics |
| Statement that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only change form | First law of thermodynamics |
| The total amount of mass and energy remains constant (another name for 1st law of thermo) | Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy |
| Statement that in any energy change, the amount of usable energy decreases | Second law of thermodynamics |
| Degeneration, increase in randomness, increase in chaos refers to which statement | Second law of thermodynamics |
| Energy of motion | kinetic energy |
| Energy of position (or in bonds) | potential energy |
| the measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles | temperature |
| the measure of the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a sample | thermal energy |
| thermal energy in motion | heat |
| 1000 calories | kilocalorie or Calorie |
| Scale? water freezes at 32' and boils at 212' | Fahrenheit |
| Scale? water freezes at 0' and boils at 100' | Celsius |
| Scale? water freezes at 273K and boils at 373K | Kelvin |
| -273K | Absolute zero |
| Translation (straight), rotation (spin), and vibration | Three types of particle motion |
| Theory that all particles are in motion | Kinetic Theory |
| State of Matter? low energy, only vibrate, definite shape, definite volume, no appreciable compression | solid |
| Sate of matter? more energy but still touching, can move around, definite volume, no definite shape, no appreciable compression | liquid |
| state of matter? much kinetic energy, independent particles, no definite volume, no definite shape, compressible | gas |
| State of matter? electrons are ripped away from the nucleus | plasma |
| Phase change? gas to liquid | condensation |
| Phase change? liquid to gas | vaporization |
| Phase change? liquid to solid | freezing (solidification) |
| Phase change? solid to liquid | melting |
| Phase change? solid to gas | sublimation |
| Phase change? gas to solid | deposition |
| Matter near absolute zero | Bose-Einstein Condensate |
| a charged atom | ion |
| A change which may alter the physical properties of the substance but not the substance itself | physical change |
| high-temperature state of matter where protons and neutrons are broken down into elementary particles | quark-gluon plasma |
| Changes in the identify of a material | Chemical change |
| Material that can be separated into two or more pure substances | Mixture |
| Represents molecules or formula units that make up compounds | Chemical formula |
| The portion of the universe under study | system |
| Sum of the potential and kinetic energies | internal energy |
| English botanist who first described Brownian motion while studying pollen grains under a microscope | Robert Brown |
| Law that states it is impossible to reach absolute zero | The Third Law of Thermodynamics |
| SI unit of measure for energy | joule |
| the amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius | calorie |
Created by:
MArCHChemBJ
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