Term | Definition |
VSEPR | based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around the central atom |
covalent bond | a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons |
physical properties | a characteristic of matter than can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition |
triple bond | when three pairs of electrons are shared |
double bond | when two pairs of electrons are shared |
single bond | when one pair of electrons are shared |
polarity | the unequal amount between bonds |
anion | an ion that has a negative charge |
cation | an ion that has a positive charge |
ionic compound | compounds that contain ionic bonds |
ions | an atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge |
intermolecular forces | the attraction that holds particles together in ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds |
intramolecular forces | the forces that do not account for all attractions between particles |
ionic bond | the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound |
covalent compound | the linkage between atoms or radicals of a chemical bond |
binary compound | chemical substances made from just two chemical elements |
diatomic molecules | a molecule composed of two atoms |
superscript | the number used to represent the number of isotopes |
subscript | indicates the number of the preceding element |
covalent compounds | compounds that contain covalent bonds |
polyatomic ions | an ion made up of two or more atoms bonded together that acts as a single unit with a net charge |
transition metals | an element in groups 3-12 contained in the d-block |
percent composition | the percent by mass f each element in a compound |
mole | the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance |
avogadros number | 6.02*10^23 |
hydrate | a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bonded to its atoms |
empirical formula | the formula that shows the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the elements of a compound |
representative particle | any kind of particle |
molar mass | the mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance |
percent composition | the percent by mass of each element in a compound |
molecular formula | a formula that specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance |
physical change | a change which alters a substance without changing its composition |
chemical change | a process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances |
coefficient | the number that appears before the reactant in an equation |
conservation of mass | the mass of an object or collection of objects never changes nor can they rearrange themselves |
balanced reaction | the same number of products and reactants is the same on both sides |
chemical reaction | the observation that the product has different properties than the reactants |
synthesis | two or more substances react to yield a single product |
decomposition | a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds |
single replacements | the atoms of an element replace the atoms of another element |
double replacement | the exchange of ions between two compounds and products either a precipitate, a gas, or water |
aqueous solution | a solution in which the solvent is water |
precipitate | a solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution |
combustion | a substance reacts with oxygen releasing energy in the form of heat or light |