Question | Answer |
accuracy | how closely a measurement agrees with the "true" or accepted value |
precision | how closely individual measurements agree with each other |
What are some examples of exact numbers? | counted numbers and some conversion factors |
What are significant figures used to indicate? | the degree of uncertainty present in measured values; every certain digit plus the first uncertain digit |
Significant or Not:
all non-zero digits | significant |
Significant or Not:
a zero between other significant figures | significant |
Significant or Not:
leading zeros | not significant |
Significant or Not:
final zeros in a number with a decimal point | significant |
Significant or Not:
final zeros in a number without a decimal point | ambiguous |
Scientific notation is often required to do what? | to remove ambiguity |
In addition and subtraction, what question must be asked to determine the significant figures that the answer should have? | How precise is the least precise measurement? (decimal places) |
In multiplication and division, what question must be asked to determine the significant figures that the answer should have? | How many significant figures does the measurement with the least amount of significant figures have? (significant figures) |
What must be done for calculations involving multiple steps? | Perform the calculation one step at a time, applying the appropriate rule at each step. |
What should you do for scientific notation? | You should determine the preciseness of each digit in all measurements, and use the same amount of preciseness as the least precise measurement. |
What are the three steps to a dimensional analysis problem? | 1. Write down what you want to know.
2. Start with the given measured quantity.
3. Apply conversion factors to cancel unwanted units. |
Exactly how many centimeters is equivalent to one inch? | 2.54cm = 1 in. |
How many pounds is equivalent to one kilogram? | ~2.205 lbs. = 1kg |
How many milliliters is equivalent to one square centimeter? | 1 mL = 1 cm^3 |
How many inches are in one foot? | 12 in. = 1 ft. |
What is the equation for density? | d=m/V |
What are the metric prefixes? | peta (10^15), tera (10^12, giga (10^9), mega (10^6), kilo (10^3), deci (10^-1), centi (10^-2), milli (10^-3), micro (10^-6), nano (10^-9), pico (10^-12), femto (10^-15) |
What are the standard SI units? | length - meter, mass - kilogram, time - second, temperature - Kelvin, amount of substance - mole, electric current - ampere, luminous intensity - candela. |
How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin? | K = C + 273.15 |
How do you convert Kelvin to Celsius? | C = K - 273.15 |