Question | Answer |
Law of Mutliple Proportions | if 2 elements can combine to form more than one compound- i.e. CO and CO2 (will do so in ratios of simple whole numbers, i.e. 1:1 1:2 in prev case) |
Rutherford | postulated that a paticles (nuclei that have lost their two electrons, and weigh much more than do electrons) should mostly go through goil foil, maybe with a little deflection from electrons; not so |
Proton | positivally charged particles |
Electron | negativally charged particles-1/1800 the mass of a proton or neutron |
Neutrons | neutral mass- slightly higher mass than a proton |
Atomic Number | number of protons- listed as whole number on periodic table |
Mass Number | total number of protons and neutrons |
Isotope | two or more atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
Nuclide | another term for one particular isotope |
Group | vertical column, see shared properties- 1-18 |
Period | horizontal rows- end with noble gases |
Metal | malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets) and ductile (can be pulled into wires), they're lustrous and they conduct heat and elecrticity well (L) |
Non-Metal | usually gases or soft solids that don't conduct electricity or heat (R) |
Group 1A | alkali metals |
Group 2A | alkali earth metals |
Group 7A | halogens |
Group B | transition metals |
Molecule | an aggregate of at least 2 atoms held together in a definite arrangement by chemical forces (chemical bonds)- can be a pure element (H2), or a compound (H2O) |
Chemical Formulas | indicates the types of elements present and their relative proportions- ex. Na, H2, H2O, CO |
Ionic Compound | made up of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic forces- metal (+) with mno-metal (-) - ex. NaCl, Fe2O3, Mg(NO3)2, NaNO3 |
Ion | an atom or group of atoms possession a net positive or negative charge |
Cation | lose electron(s), have a positive charge- i.e. Na+ |
Anion | gain electron(s), have negative charge- i.e. Cl- |
Neutral Object | contain equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles |
Molecular Formula | show the number and type of each element present in a compound |
Organic Compounds | compounds containing carbon and a small number of other elements |
Hydrocarbons | are made of H and C, have certain functional groups that have predictable chemical properties |
Empirical Formula | the lowest whole number of elements in a compound |
Monoatomic Ions | ions of single atoms- i.e. MgCl2, Kl |
Binary Ionic Compounds | ionic compounds with two elements |
Polyatomic Ions | ions made up of two or more atoms- i.e. NO3= nitrate |
Molecular compounds | contain discrete molecular units- usually non-metals |
Binary Molecular Compounds | compounds named with the name and number of the first element followed by the name and number of the second element with its ending changed to "-ide"- i.e. HCl= hydrogen chloride, SiC= silicon Carbide |
Acid | produce H+ (in the form of H3O+) when dissolved in water- their formulas contain one or more H group in addition to an anion |
Hydrate | a substance that contains water molecules weakly bound in its crystals |
Chemical Reaction | indicates conversion of reactants to products- could be indicated by color chang, ppt, gas , heat, or nothing, rearrangements of atoms |
Chemical Equation | shorthand for what you start with going to what you get (balancing by inspection... |