Term | Definition |
Colloid | Mixture having particles that are moderately large. Pass through fliters but semipermeable |
Concentration | Measure of amount of solute that is dissolved in a specified amount of solution |
Crenation | The shriveling of a cell because water leaves the cell when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. |
Dialysis | A process in which water is and small solute particles pass through the semipermeable membrane |
Dilution | A process by which water is added (solvent) is added to a solution to increase the volume and decrease (dilute) the concentration of the solute. |
Electrolyte | A substances that produces ions when dissolved in water, its solution conducts electricity. |
Equivalent (Eq) | The amount of a positive or negative ion that supplies 1 mole of electricity. |
Hemodialysis | A mechanical cleansing of the blood by an artificial kidney using the principle of dialysis |
Hemolysis | Swelling and bursting of red blood cells in a hypotonic solution because of an increase in fluid volume |
Henry's Law | Solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid |
Hydration | The process of surrounding dissolved ions by water molecules. |
Hypertonic Solution | A solution that has a higher particle concentration and higher osmotic pressure than cells of the body. |
Solution | A homogeneous mixture in which the solute is made of small particles that can pass through filters and semipermeable membranes. |
solute | is present in the smaller quantity. |
Solubility | max about of solute that can dissolve in exactly 100g of solvent . |
Soluble salt | An ionic compound that dissolves in water |
Saturated Solution | A solution containing the max amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temp. |
Osmotic Pressure | Pressure that prevent the flow of water into the more concentrated solution |
Osmosis | The flow of a solvent usually water through a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration |
Nonelectrolyte | Substance that dissolves in water as molecules. Doesn't conduct electrical current |
Molarity (M) | Number of moles of solute in exactly 1 L of solution |
Mass/Volume | Grams of solute in exactly 100mL of solution |
Mass/Mass Mass percent | Grams of solute in 100g of solution |
Isotonic Solution | A solution that has the same particles concentration and osmotic pressure as that of the cells of the body. |
Insoluble salt | An ionic compound that does not dissolve in water. |
Hypotonic Solution | A solution that has a lower particle concentration and lower osmotic pressure than the cells of the body |
Solvent | Substance which the solute dissolves usually component present in greatest amount |
Strong Electrolyte | A polar or ionic compound that ionizes completely when it dissolves in water. It solution is a good conductor of electricity |
Suspension | A mixture in which the solute particles are large enough and heavy enough to settle out and be retained by both fliters and semipermeable membranes. |
Unsaturated Solution | A solution that contains less solute than can be dissolved |
Volume Percent (v/v) | Percent concentration that relates the volume of the solute in exactly 100 ml of solution |
Weak electrolyte | A substance that produces only a few ions along with many molecules when it dissolves in water. Weak conductor of electricity |
Acid | Substance that dissolves in water and produces hydrogen ions . |
Acidosis | Physiological condition in which blood pH is lower then 7.35 |
Alkalosis | Blood pH is higher than 7.45 |
Base | Dissolves in water and produces hydroxide ions according to the Arrhenius Theory |
Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases | An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor |
Buffer | A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid that maintains the pH by neutralizing added acid or base |
Conjugate acid base pair | An acid and its conjugate that differ by one H, Acid donates proton the product its conjugate base which is capable of accepting proton. conjugate base |
Hydronium Ion | Ion formed by the attraction of a proton H to a H20 molecule |
Sleveret (Sv) | Unit of biological damage equal to 100 rem |
Shielding | Materials used to provide protection from radioactive sources |
Scan | Image of a site in the body created by the detection of radiation from radioactive isotopes that accumulated in the site |
Rem | A measure of the biological damage caused by the various kinds of radiation |
Radioactive decay | Process by which an unstable nucleus breaks down with release of high energy radiation |
Radiation | Energy or particles released by radioactive atoms |
Rad | Measure of an amount of radiation absorbed by the body |
Positron | Particle with no mass and a positive charge produced when a proton is transformed into a neutron and a positron |
Half Life | The length of time it takes for one half life of a radioactive sample to decay |
Gray | Unit of absorbed does equal to 100 rad |
Gamma Ray | with symbol emitted by a unstable nucleus |
Fusion | A reaction in which large amounts of energy released when small nuclei combine to form larger nuclei |
Fission | Process in which large nuclei split into smaller pieces releasing large amounts of energy |
Equivalent Dose | Measure of biological damage from an absorbed does that has been adjusted for the type of radiation |
Decay curve | Diagram of the decay of a radioactive element |
Curie | Unit of the activity of a radioactive sample equal to 3.7 x 10^10 |
Chain Reaction | Fission reaction that will continue once it has been initiated by a high energy neutron bombarding a heavy nucleus such as U-235 |
Carbon dating | Technique used to date ancient specimens that contain carbon. Age is determined by the amount of active carbon 14 that remains in the Bea |
Beta Particle | Particle identical to an electron with symbol that forms in the nucleus when a neutron changes to a proton and an electron |
Becquerel | Unit of activity of a radioactive sample equal to one disintegration per second |
Alpha Particle | Nuclear particle identical to a helium nucleus with symbol |