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Test 3
Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Colloid | Mixture having particles that are moderately large. Pass through fliters but semipermeable |
| Concentration | Measure of amount of solute that is dissolved in a specified amount of solution |
| Crenation | The shriveling of a cell because water leaves the cell when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. |
| Dialysis | A process in which water is and small solute particles pass through the semipermeable membrane |
| Dilution | A process by which water is added (solvent) is added to a solution to increase the volume and decrease (dilute) the concentration of the solute. |
| Electrolyte | A substances that produces ions when dissolved in water, its solution conducts electricity. |
| Equivalent (Eq) | The amount of a positive or negative ion that supplies 1 mole of electricity. |
| Hemodialysis | A mechanical cleansing of the blood by an artificial kidney using the principle of dialysis |
| Hemolysis | Swelling and bursting of red blood cells in a hypotonic solution because of an increase in fluid volume |
| Henry's Law | Solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid |
| Hydration | The process of surrounding dissolved ions by water molecules. |
| Hypertonic Solution | A solution that has a higher particle concentration and higher osmotic pressure than cells of the body. |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture in which the solute is made of small particles that can pass through filters and semipermeable membranes. |
| solute | is present in the smaller quantity. |
| Solubility | max about of solute that can dissolve in exactly 100g of solvent . |
| Soluble salt | An ionic compound that dissolves in water |
| Saturated Solution | A solution containing the max amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temp. |
| Osmotic Pressure | Pressure that prevent the flow of water into the more concentrated solution |
| Osmosis | The flow of a solvent usually water through a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration |
| Nonelectrolyte | Substance that dissolves in water as molecules. Doesn't conduct electrical current |
| Molarity (M) | Number of moles of solute in exactly 1 L of solution |
| Mass/Volume | Grams of solute in exactly 100mL of solution |
| Mass/Mass Mass percent | Grams of solute in 100g of solution |
| Isotonic Solution | A solution that has the same particles concentration and osmotic pressure as that of the cells of the body. |
| Insoluble salt | An ionic compound that does not dissolve in water. |
| Hypotonic Solution | A solution that has a lower particle concentration and lower osmotic pressure than the cells of the body |
| Solvent | Substance which the solute dissolves usually component present in greatest amount |
| Strong Electrolyte | A polar or ionic compound that ionizes completely when it dissolves in water. It solution is a good conductor of electricity |
| Suspension | A mixture in which the solute particles are large enough and heavy enough to settle out and be retained by both fliters and semipermeable membranes. |
| Unsaturated Solution | A solution that contains less solute than can be dissolved |
| Volume Percent (v/v) | Percent concentration that relates the volume of the solute in exactly 100 ml of solution |
| Weak electrolyte | A substance that produces only a few ions along with many molecules when it dissolves in water. Weak conductor of electricity |
| Acid | Substance that dissolves in water and produces hydrogen ions . |
| Acidosis | Physiological condition in which blood pH is lower then 7.35 |
| Alkalosis | Blood pH is higher than 7.45 |
| Base | Dissolves in water and produces hydroxide ions according to the Arrhenius Theory |
| Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases | An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor |
| Buffer | A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid that maintains the pH by neutralizing added acid or base |
| Conjugate acid base pair | An acid and its conjugate that differ by one H, Acid donates proton the product its conjugate base which is capable of accepting proton. conjugate base |
| Hydronium Ion | Ion formed by the attraction of a proton H to a H20 molecule |
| Sleveret (Sv) | Unit of biological damage equal to 100 rem |
| Shielding | Materials used to provide protection from radioactive sources |
| Scan | Image of a site in the body created by the detection of radiation from radioactive isotopes that accumulated in the site |
| Rem | A measure of the biological damage caused by the various kinds of radiation |
| Radioactive decay | Process by which an unstable nucleus breaks down with release of high energy radiation |
| Radiation | Energy or particles released by radioactive atoms |
| Rad | Measure of an amount of radiation absorbed by the body |
| Positron | Particle with no mass and a positive charge produced when a proton is transformed into a neutron and a positron |
| Half Life | The length of time it takes for one half life of a radioactive sample to decay |
| Gray | Unit of absorbed does equal to 100 rad |
| Gamma Ray | with symbol emitted by a unstable nucleus |
| Fusion | A reaction in which large amounts of energy released when small nuclei combine to form larger nuclei |
| Fission | Process in which large nuclei split into smaller pieces releasing large amounts of energy |
| Equivalent Dose | Measure of biological damage from an absorbed does that has been adjusted for the type of radiation |
| Decay curve | Diagram of the decay of a radioactive element |
| Curie | Unit of the activity of a radioactive sample equal to 3.7 x 10^10 |
| Chain Reaction | Fission reaction that will continue once it has been initiated by a high energy neutron bombarding a heavy nucleus such as U-235 |
| Carbon dating | Technique used to date ancient specimens that contain carbon. Age is determined by the amount of active carbon 14 that remains in the Bea |
| Beta Particle | Particle identical to an electron with symbol that forms in the nucleus when a neutron changes to a proton and an electron |
| Becquerel | Unit of activity of a radioactive sample equal to one disintegration per second |
| Alpha Particle | Nuclear particle identical to a helium nucleus with symbol |
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cdayo
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