Question | Answer |
Pure Substance | same composition everywhere (elements and compounds) |
Mixture | 2 or more pure substances physically combined |
Homogeneous mixture | uniformly combined mixture, no layers (solutions) |
Heterogeneous mixture | mixture with layers or sections |
Melting or fusion | solid turning into liquid (endothermic) |
Freezing or solidification | liquid turning into solid (exothermic) |
Vaporization | liquid turning into gas (endothermic) |
Condensation | gas turning into liquid (exothermic) |
Sublimation | solid turning into gas (endothermic) |
Deposition | gas turning into solid (exothermic) |
Distillation | separating (and collecting) all components of a mixture by differences in boiling points |
Filtration | separation technique for heterogeneous mixture. Creates filtrate and residue. |
Endothermic | a reaction that requires a net input of energy |
Exothermic | a reaction that has a net release of energy |
Chemical properties/changes | Can ONLY be observed by altering the chemical make up of the substance (ie: burning, rusting, cooking) |
Physical properties/changes | Can be observed without altering the chemical make up of the substance (ie: tearing, crushing) |
Solid | Has definite shape and volume. Particles vibrate in place. Low energy. |
Liquid | Has definite volume but no definite shape. Particles move around with more energy than solid. |
Gas | No definite shape or volume. Volume is determined by the container. Highest energy. |
malleable | metallic property- can be pounded or flattened into thin sheets |
ductile | metallic property - can be heated and made into wires |
Centrifugation | separating a mixture that contains small solids by spinning it really fast so the solid settles out |
Evaporation | Separating a mixture by boiling out the liquid so only the solid remains, while liquid escapes into atmosphere |
Chromatography | Separating a mixture by solubility and particle size on a vertical piece of paper with the bottom soaked in a solvent |
Element | The simplest form of matter that retains the properties of that type of matter. It can't be broken down by chemical means. |
Compound | 2 or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Cannot be broken down by physical means |
Electrolysis | Using electricity to force a reaction to occur. This is the only way to separate a compound into its elements. |