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Matter & Energy
Regents Chem -Matter & Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pure Substance | same composition everywhere (elements and compounds) |
| Mixture | 2 or more pure substances physically combined |
| Homogeneous mixture | uniformly combined mixture, no layers (solutions) |
| Heterogeneous mixture | mixture with layers or sections |
| Melting or fusion | solid turning into liquid (endothermic) |
| Freezing or solidification | liquid turning into solid (exothermic) |
| Vaporization | liquid turning into gas (endothermic) |
| Condensation | gas turning into liquid (exothermic) |
| Sublimation | solid turning into gas (endothermic) |
| Deposition | gas turning into solid (exothermic) |
| Distillation | separating (and collecting) all components of a mixture by differences in boiling points |
| Filtration | separation technique for heterogeneous mixture. Creates filtrate and residue. |
| Endothermic | a reaction that requires a net input of energy |
| Exothermic | a reaction that has a net release of energy |
| Chemical properties/changes | Can ONLY be observed by altering the chemical make up of the substance (ie: burning, rusting, cooking) |
| Physical properties/changes | Can be observed without altering the chemical make up of the substance (ie: tearing, crushing) |
| Solid | Has definite shape and volume. Particles vibrate in place. Low energy. |
| Liquid | Has definite volume but no definite shape. Particles move around with more energy than solid. |
| Gas | No definite shape or volume. Volume is determined by the container. Highest energy. |
| malleable | metallic property- can be pounded or flattened into thin sheets |
| ductile | metallic property - can be heated and made into wires |
| Centrifugation | separating a mixture that contains small solids by spinning it really fast so the solid settles out |
| Evaporation | Separating a mixture by boiling out the liquid so only the solid remains, while liquid escapes into atmosphere |
| Chromatography | Separating a mixture by solubility and particle size on a vertical piece of paper with the bottom soaked in a solvent |
| Element | The simplest form of matter that retains the properties of that type of matter. It can't be broken down by chemical means. |
| Compound | 2 or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Cannot be broken down by physical means |
| Electrolysis | Using electricity to force a reaction to occur. This is the only way to separate a compound into its elements. |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
etucci
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