Term | Definition |
culture | the way of life that ditingushes a people, for example, goverment, language, religion, customs,and beliefs |
population desity | |
birthrate | the number of live births each year per 1,000 people |
immigrant | |
emigrant | |
urbanazation | |
rural | of, or characteristict of, the countryside |
culture hearth | |
culture convergence | |
diffushion | |
cultural divergence | |
sovereignty | a country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions |
unitary system | a system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power |
federation | a government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments |
confederation | a system of government in which individual political units keep their soverignty but give limited power to a central government |
authoritarian | descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all the political power |
dictatorship | a system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person |
totalitarianism | a system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society |
monarchy | a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch-a king, queen, shah, or sultan-whose position is usually inherited |
democracy | a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and government policy |
traditional economy | an economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy |
market economy | an economic system in which decisions about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand |
command economy | an economic system that is controlled by a single central government |
natural resource | a material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs |
renewable resource | a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used |
nonrenewable resource | a natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used |
fossil fuel | |
nuclear energy | |
water power | |
geothermal energy | energy produced from the earths intense interior heat |
solar energy | energy produced by the sun |
primary economic activity | an economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining |
subsistence farming | farming that provides only enough for a family or a village |
commercial farming | the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets |
secondary economic activity | an economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value |
cottage industry | a small-scale manufacturing operation ussing little technology, often located in or near peoples homes |
commercial industry | a large-scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods |
tertiary economic activity | an economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others; service industry |
quaternary economic activity | an economic activity that focuses on the acquistion, processing, and sharing of information, such as education or research |
export | an item sent out of a country for sale |
import | an item brought in to a country for sale |