Question | Answer |
Activity Series | a list of elements in order of decreasing activity; the activity series of halogens is Fl, Cl, Br, I |
Catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier; the catalyst is not used up in the reaction |
Chemical Equation | an expression representing a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants (on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas for the products (on the right) |
Coefficients | a small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a balanced chemical equation |
Combination Reaction | a chemical change in which an element or a compo9und reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light |
Combustion Reaction | a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light |
Decomposition Reaction | a chemical change in which a single compound is broken down into two or more simpler products |
Double Replacement Reaction | a chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds |
Half Reaction | an equation showing either the oxidation or the reduction that takes place in a redox reaction |
Ionic Equation | a chemical equation where the electrolytes in aqueous solution are written as dissociated ions |
Balanced Equation | a chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element |
Net ionic equation | an equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change |
Oxidation | a process that involves complete or partial loss of electrons or a gain of oxygen; it results in an increase in the oxidation number of an atom |
Oxidation Number | a positive or negative number assigned to an atom to indicate its degree of oxidation or reduction; the oxidation number of an uncombined element is zero |
Oxidizing agent | the substance in a redox reaction that accepts electrons; in the reaction, the oxidizing agent is reduced |
Redox reaction | another name for an oxidation-reduction reaction |
Reducing agent | the substance in a redox reaction that donates electrons; in the reaction, the reducing agent is oxidized |
Reduction | a process that involves a complete or partial gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen; it results in a decrease in the oxidation number of an atom |
Single replacement reaction | a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound; also called a displacement reaction |
Skeleton equation | a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products |
Spectator ion | an ion that is not directly involved in a chemical reaction; an ion that does not change oxidation number or composition during a reaction |
Synthesis | A+B->AB |
Decomposition | AB->A+B |
Single Replacement | A+BC-> B+AC |
Double Replacement | AB+CD->AD+CB |
Combustion | A+O2->B |
Oxidation is the ____ of electrons | loss |
Reduction is the ____ of electrons | gain |
Substance reduced is the ______ agent | oxidizing |
Substance oxidized is the ______ | reducing |
Balancing Redox Reactions | BOHEC |
Actual yield | The quantity of a product that is obtained from a chemical reaction |
Atomic mass | average mass of atoms of an element, calculated using the relative abundance of isotopes in a naturally-occurring element |
Avogadro's number | Avogadro's number is the number of particles found in one mole of a substance 6.02x10^23 |
Empirical formula | smalles whole # ratio |
Excess reactant | |
Limiting reactant | |
Molar mass | The mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams or kilograms g/mol |
Mole | a chemical mass unit, defined to be 6.022 x 1023 molecules, atoms, or some other unit. |
Molecular formula | An expression which states the number and type of atoms present in a molecule of a substance (find factor and multiply by empirical formula) |
Mole ratio | ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a chemical reaction |
Percent composition | percentage by mass of each element in a compound |
Percent yield | the experimental yield divided by theoretical yield multiplied by 100%
actual yield/theoretical yield |
Representative particle | |
Stoichiometry | the study of the relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical or chemical change (chemical reaction) |
STP | Standard Temperature and Pressure: 273 K, 1 atm |
Theoretical Yield | the quantity of a product obtained from the complete conversion of the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction |
Experimental % COmp | Mass of decomposed sample/ mass of sample |
Theoretical % Comp | Atomic mass of elements/ total mass of compound |
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