| Question | Answer |
| What is an ISOTOPE? | Different atomic forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| What is IONIC BONDING? | When atoms lose or gain an electron |
| What is COVALENT BONDING? | When atoms share an electron |
| What is an EXOthermic reaction? | Transfers energy/heat to surroundings |
| What is an ENDOthermic reaction? | Energy is taken from surroundings and into reaction |
| What is an ACID? | A substance with a PH less than 7 |
| What is a BASE | A substance with a PH more than 7 and is used to neturalise a reaction |
| What is an ALKALI | A base that dissolves in water |
| What is ELECTROPLATING? | Uses electrolysis to coat the surface of on metal with another |
| What are the features of DIAMOND? | -Four strong covalent bonds
-Very rigid
-High MP
-Insoluble in water
-Not conduct electricity/heat |
| What are the features of GRAPHITE | -3 covalent bonds
-Layers which are free to slide over eachother
- Soft
-High MP
-Each carbon atom has one delocalised electron which allows it to conduct heat/electricity |
| What is THERMOSETTING polymer | -Consists of polymer chains with cross links between them
-Strong tough hard rigid
- Strong intermolecular forces |
| What is a THERMOSOFTENING polymer | -Consists of individual tangled polymer chains
- Melts easily
- Weak intermolecular forces
- Chains are free to slide over eachother |
| What 4 things affect the rate of a reaction? | Temperature, Concentration, Catalyst, SA of solids |
| ACID + METAL -> | SALT + HYDROGEN |
| ACID + BASE -> | SALT + WATER |
| ACID + CARBONATE -> | SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE |
| Why is CRYOLITE used in the extration of aluminium | To lower the temperature and costs |
