Question | Answer |
Ch22 What is a precursor of carbohydrates? | A polyhydroxyaldehyde, a polyhydroxyketone |
Ch22 What is the general formula of a carbohydrate | CnH2nOn, where n varies from 3 to 8. |
Ch22 Aldose | a monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group. |
Ch22 Ketose | a monosaccharide containing a ketone group |
Ch22 How are monnosaccharides classified? | Carbon number. Triose has 3 carbons and so on |
Ch22 What are the only trioses | Glyceraldehyde (aldotriose) and Dihydroxyacetone (ketotriose) |
Ch22 Describe D-Erythrose by Carbon # and hydroxyl location | An aldotetrode, 4 carbons, both hydroxyl on right side. |
Ch22 Describe D-Threose by Carbon # and hydroxyl location | An Aldotetrose, OH closest to CHO is on left side, and the other is right |
Ch22 Describe D-Ribose by Carbon # and hydroxyl location | Aldopentose, closest to CHO, no OH. The remaining 2 OH's are on the right side |
Ch22 Describe D-Glucose by Carbon # and hydroxyl location | aldohexose, the OH Closest to the CHO is on the right side, the next on the left, and the remaining 2 on the right side |
Ch22 Describe D-Galactose by Carbon # and hydroxyl location | aldohexose, 1st OH on right, 2nd/3rd OH on left, and 4th OH on right |
Ch22 Describe D-Fructose by Carbon # and hydroxyl location | Ketohexose, 2nd carbon is a carbonyl, 3rd carbon OH on left, and 4th and 5th carbon OH on right |
Ch22 Anomers | : Carbohydrates that differ in configuration at their anomeric carbons named a and b |
Ch22 How are haworth projections written? | anomeric carbon on the right and the hemiacetal oxygen to the back right. |
Ch22 pyran | Six-membered hemiacetal rings |
Ch22 furan | Five-membered hemiacetal rings |
Ch22 In what causes are Haworth projections are more accurate than chair | Five-membered rings
ex. Furanoses |
Ch22 Name an example of a furanose | Ribose |
Ch22 In a furanose, what is the location of the CH2OH to the OH? | Symetrically, right on the other carbon of the molecule |
Ch22 What is more accurately represented as a chair? | Pyranoses, ex: Glucopyranose |
Ch22 What are 3 ways of depicting carbohyrates? | Fischer Projection, Haworth Projection, Chair Conformation |
Ch22 Mutarotation | a or b form of a carbohydrate is converted to an equilibrium mixture |
Ch22 Glycoside | A carbohydrate in which the -OH of the anomeric carbon is replaced by -OR |
Ch22 How are glycosides named? | alkyl or aryl group bonded to oxygen followed by the name of the carbohydrate with the ending -e replaced by -ide.
methyl -D-glucopyranoside |
Ch22 | |
Ch22 | |
Ch22 | |