Question | Answer |
atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound | functional group |
organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl group | alcohols |
organic compounds in which one or more halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, or I) are substituted for one or more hydrogens in a hydrocarbon | alkyl halides |
organic compounds in which 2 hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the same oxygen atom | ethers |
organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to a carbon atom at the end of a carbon-atom chain | aldehydes |
organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbon atoms within the chain | ketones |
contain the carboxyl functional group that comes at the end of the carbon chain | carboxylic acid |
organic compounds with carboxylic acid groups in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an alkyl group | esters |
organic compounds that can be considered to be derivatives of ammonia, NH3 | amines |
one hydrogen atom in ammonia replaced by an alkyl group | primary amine |
two hydrogen atoms in ammonia replaced by an alkyl group | secondary amine |
three hydrogen atoms in ammonia replaced by an alkyl group | tertiary amine |
one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule | substitution reaction |
an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule and increase the saturation of the molecule | addition reaction |
two or more molecules or parts of the same molecule combine | condensation reaction |
a simple molecule, such as water or ammonia, is removed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule | elimination reaction |
large molecules made of many small units joined to each other through organic reactions | polymers |
small units that make up polymers | monomers |
a polymer made from 2 or more different monomers | copolymer |
melts when heated and can be reshaped many
times | thermoplastic polymer |
does not melt when heated but keeps its original
shape | thermosetting polymer |
formed by chain addition reactions between monomers that contain a double bond | addition polymers |
polymers formed by condensation rxns | condensation polymer |
cross-linking process between adjacent polyisoprene molecules that occurs when the molecules are heated with sulfur atoms | vulcanization |