Term | Definition |
Heterogeneous Mixture | A nonuniform mixture that has regions of different composition. |
Homogeneous Mixture | A uniform mixture that has the same composition throughout. |
Solution | A mixture that contains particles the size of a typical ion or small molecule. |
Colloid | A mixture that contains particles that range in diameter from 2 to 500nm. |
Solute | A substance that is dissolved in Water |
Solvent | The substance in which another substance (the solute) is dissolved |
Hygroscopic | An Ionic compound that attracts water so strongly that they pull water vapor from humid air to become hydrated. |
Saturated Solutions | A solution that contains the max amount of dissolved solute at Equilibrium |
Solubility | The max amount of substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature. |
Supersaturated Solution | Solids that are more soluble at high temperature than at low temperature. |
Henry Law | The solubility (or concentration) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid |
HENRY'S EQUATION | C/Pgas=K
Gas + Solvent =(both ways) Solution[PRESSURE INCREASES]
C1/P1=C2/P2=K |
Mass/Mass percent concentration | Concentration expressed as the # of grams of solute per 100 grams of solution. |
m/m% | m/m%concentration=Mass of solute(g)
-----------------*100
Mass of solution(g) |
v/v% | v/v%concentration=Volume of solute (mL)
---------------------*100
Volume of solution (mL) |
m/v% | m/v%concentration=Mass of solute (g)
------------------
Volume of solution (mL) |
Parts per million(ppm) | ppm=Mass of solute (g) Same equation 4
-----------------*10^6 Volume (mL)
Mass of solution (g) |
Parts per billion (ppb) | ppb=Mass of solute(g) same equation 4
------------------*10^9 Volume (mL)
Mass of solution (g) |
Molarity | The # of moles of solute dissolved per Liter of solution. |
Molarity Equation | Molarity (M)= Moles of solute
-----------------
Liters of solution |
Molarity Equation #1 | Moles of solute
----------------
Volume of solution (L) |
Molarity Equation #2 | Moles of solute * Volume of solution |
Molarity Equation #3 | Volume of solution=Moles of solution
-------------------
Molarity |
Dilution DEFINITION | The ratio of the initial and final solution volumes (Vc/Vd) |
Dilution Pt1 | # of moles= Molarity (mol/L) x Volume (L)
M= Moles/Volume |
Dilution pt2 | Md=Mc*Vc/Vd where Vc/Vd is a dilution factor |
Dilution pt3 | Since McMv=MdVd
Then Vc=Vd*Md/Mc |
Electrolyte | substances that conduct an electric current when dissolved in water |
Strong elpaectrolyte | ionic substances that ionize completely when dissolved in water |
Weak electrolyte | molecular substances that are partially ionized |
Nonelectrolyte | Molecular substances that do not produce ions when dissolved in water |
Equivalent (Eq) | For ions, the amount equal to 1 mol of charge |
Gram-Equivalent (g-Eq) | For ions, the molar mass of the ion divided by the ionic charge. |
EX. | One gram-equivalent of ion=Molar mass of ion (g)
--------------------
charge on ion |